6^th Indian Dental Congress November 23-25, 2015 Bengaluru, India

Biography:

Dr Vinay Kumar.G has over 10 year’s clinical and academic experience as a specialist in Conservative and Endodontics. He received his BDS degree in dentistry in 1997 from Kuvempu University, Karnataka. He specialized in Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics at K.L.E Dental College and Research Centre, Belgaum and was awarded Masters Degree-MDS in the field of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics from Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka in 2007. Since 1997, he has been involved in both undergraduate and postgraduate teaching. He has published over 15 papers in pubmed indexed and peer reviewed reputed national and international journals, and has been examiner for various University’s. He has lectured extensively at local, national and international meetings on both clinical and research topics. He is currently a peer reviewer for numerous dental & endodontic journals. Presently he is working as Reader in Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics at K.L.E Society’s Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore and maintains Endodontic Practice in Bangalore.

Abstract:

ABSTRACT For most patients requiring endodontic therapy, diagnosis and treatment planning for the affected teeth are quite straightforward. As long as good bacterial control and a satisfactory technical standard are achieved, the outcome is predictably successful. But for many patients, however, decisions regarding endodontic treatment may be much more complex. The issues involved in arriving at a decision may range from the appropriateness of endodontic treatment to the level of difficulty of treatment or a compromised prognosis for the tooth based on various factors. Thus, clinical judgement and decision making transcend considerations of diagnosis, treatment planning and case selection, although they are closely interrelated. There are cases in endodontic treatment which are a real challenge. Patients usually lose their teeth because these features are less familiar. In this presentation I would like to discuss difficult cases encountered for treatment in endodontic practice like taurodontism, periapical lesion involving mandibular canal, calcified canals, and furcation involvement, in order to foresee and prevent complications. Furthermore I would like to go beyond the issue of difficulty to include a consideration of the appropriateness of endodontic treatment for the particular patient, and the importance of determining a prognosis for the treatment. Biography: Dr Vinay Kumar.G has over 10 year’s clinical and academic experience as a specialist in Conservative and Endodontics. He received his BDS degree in dentistry in 1997 from Kuvempu University, Karnataka. He specialized in Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics at K.L.E Dental College and Research Centre, Belgaum and was awarded Masters Degree-MDS in the field of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics from Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka in 2007. Since 1997, he has been involved in both undergraduate and postgraduate teaching. He has published over 15 papers in pubmed indexed and peer reviewed reputed national and international journals, and has been examiner for various University’s. He has lectured extensively at local, national and international meetings on both clinical and research topics. He is currently a peer reviewer for numerous dental & endodontic journals. Presently he is working as Reader in Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics at K.L.E Society’s Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore and maintains Endodontic Practice in Bangalore.

Biography:

Konark Patil, India

Abstract:

TMD’S AND HEADACHES Nearly 60% of population suffer from TMJ headaches, and they are probably the least understood and most miss-diagnosed of all health problems. There are two primary reasons why TMJ headaches are so commonly undiagnosed or miss-diagnosed. The first reason is that the symptoms can be almost exactly the same as the sinus headache, the tension headache, and the migraine headache, and occasionally like the cluster headache. In other words, it can mimic any of the other four major causes of headache. TMJ headaches also affect women (8 to1) more than men and they usually begin between the ages of 20 to 50, but they can begin either earlier or later. The second reason TMJ headaches are so commonly undiagnosed or miss-diagnosed is that physicians are almost totally untrained regarding diagnosis and treatment of TMJ dysfunction, because it is felt that TMJ falls under the domain of the dentist. Unfortunately, most dentists are also poorly trained regarding the problem. Although some dentists recognize TMJ problems, they are unable to accurately identify the source of the problem. Their best effort to manage the problem is to use a therapy that is directed solely toward the symptoms, and does absolutely nothing to resolve the underlying cause of the problem. Examples of such attempts include splint therapy; occlusal equilibration, night guards, and drugs. The symptoms of TMJ dysfunction are unbelievably diverse, both in nature and in severity. The most common symptoms are migraine-like headaches, which seem to come from behind the eyes or the side of the head. Also, there are the headaches or neckaches, which occur at the back of the head right where the neck attaches to the skull. People usually describe these neckaches as “tension headaches”, as they are often associated with stress. The pain often radiates down into one or both shoulders. Slightly less frequent, but occasionally more severe symptoms include vertigo (dizziness), ringing in the ears, lancing pain in one or both ears, hearing difficulties, stuffiness in one or both ears, light sensitivity in the eyes, ulcer-like pains in the stomach, low back pain, and poor posture. More obvious, but less severe TMJ symptoms include clicking, popping, and/or grinding (crepitus) in the jaw joint; tenderness or pain in the jaw joint; sore or painful muscles in the head, face, or neck; difficulty in chewing; fatigue of the jaw muscles after prolonged chewing or talking; limitations of the range of motion of the lower jaw; locking of the jaw in either the open or closed position; clenching or grinding the teeth; sensitivity of the teeth; and deviation of the jaw when opening or closing the mouth. There is rarely a day goes by in our office that we don’t see a person who has suffered from excruciatingly painful headaches which utterly destroyed the quality of their lives. Through a very unique method of diagnosis and non-surgical treatment, we have been able to restore health, comfort, and optimal functionality to those who had TMJ dysfunction. Included in this group are many who had been previously treated, sometimes for years, for other types of headaches as well as TMJ headaches.

Biography:

Dr. Prajwalit Kende (M.D.S. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery), an acclaimed academician, is an Associate Professor in Government Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai. He has been a university topper throughout his curriculum, has won the 3rd prize at National workshop on forensic odontology by Indo-Pacific association of forensic odontology, 2nd National prize in the Colgate-IDA essay competition & has many more awards to his credit at undergraduate and post graduate level. He holds the Distinction of conducting numerous live surgeries, lectures, and research papers and has also authored interesting and path breaking articles in scientific journals at local, National and International levels for which he is highly heralded. He has been felicitated by various panjandrums like the Governor of Orissa - Mr. M.M. Rajendran, Medical education minister- Govt. Of Maharashtra, Deputy Speaker Legislative Assembly, and many others.

Abstract:

Management of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. A dentist’s perspective.

Biography:

Adihiraj Roy, India

Abstract:

Unrelieved pain is the most feared symptom of cancer and occurs in over 75% of people with advanced disease [1]. Pain relief in palliative care was founded on the oral administration of morphine regularly “by the clock”, initiated by the late Dame Cicely Saunders in the 1950s in London, and promoted by the WHO in 1986 as the third step of the analgesic ladder [2] for pain relief in cancer in developing countries around the world. Studies have shown that at least 20-40% of cancer pain is not adequately relieved by application of the analgesic ladder [3, 4]. The long-term adverse effects of opioids on cognitive function, and on the immune and endocrine systems [5] have been largely ignored in palliative care but are significant in cancer survivors [6]. Advances in cancer pain management are evolving but the aim now is to manage complex and difficult pain while minimizing the adverse effects of sedating drugs. This review will highlight several advances in this area: (a) The mechanisms of cancer pain, and how knowledge of these mechanisms may lead to the development of novel analgesic agents; (b) advances in drug therapy; (c) Intrathecal drug therapy; (d) Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty; (e) Useful interventional therapies, such as cordotomy, coeliac plexus block, intrathecal neurolysis, and ultrasound guided techniques; (f) the pain relieving role of chemotherapy and radiotherapy; (g) neuromodulation; (h) and other techniques. Mechanisms of cancer pain: Cancer causes pain by many different routes, including direct tissue invasion, inflammation, obstruction (viscera, nerves and cerebrospinal fluid [CSF]) and can also result from cancer treatment (surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy). As a consequence, it has nociceptive, neuropathic and ischaemic elements. Debate is ongoing about whether cancer pain is distinct from other forms of pain or merely a composite of these separate mechanisms. Animal models have provided a greater understanding of the distinct central and peripheral mechanisms of cancer pain. Peripheral mechanisms Recent studies have provided more information about the molecular interactions within the cancer microenvironment [7]. These are often dependent on the tumour type. Nociceptive mediators present at high concentrations include protons [8,9], endothelin-1 [10- 14], bradykinin [15,16], cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a [17], nerve growth factor (NGF) and proteases such as trypsin [18]. These stimulate primary afferent sensory neuron receptors resulting in nociception, as well as peripheral and central sensitisation. As such, they are potential targets for novel selective cancer pain analgesics. Central mechanisms Spinal and supra-spinal mechanisms may affect the perception and perpetuation of cancer pain. In animal models of bone cancer pain, increases in descending facilitation from the rostro ventral medulla mediated by serotonin (5HT3) lead to enhanced nociception from innocuous stimulation [19]. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation in the cord can result in long term potentiation and central sensitisation. Increase in the ratio of wide dynamic range to nociceptive only neurones in the dorsal horn can lead to augmented responses to non-noxious stimuli. Ketamine and dextromethorphan have been used as NMDA antagonists and, although evidence for effectiveness in cancer pain as an adjunct to opioids is weak [20], they have a role in opioid-induced hyperalgesia, caused by high dose opioid use, and can “reset” opioid receptors to regain responsiveness Specific combinations of spinal cord changes are seen in animal models of cancer pain [21]. Increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is seen in the spinal cord in bone cancer models. This is associated with astrocyte activation. Activation of glia, which is also seen in other pain states, can perpetuate pain by secreting inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1 & 6, TNF-a and prostaglandins, leading to a positive feedback loop. Glial inhibitors, such as anti-TNF-a drugs, are a potential target for analgesics. Increased dynorphin levels are also seen, which at high concentration leads to NMDA receptor activation and pro-nociception. Again, this may be reversed by ketamine. Advances in drug therapy New preparations of fentanyl: Buccal, sublingual and intranasal preparations of fentanyl (a highly potent opioid analgesic with a short duration of action) for breakthrough pain, are used widely in palliative care. These preparations can be difficult to withdraw in cancer survivors and should not be used outside their licensed indication. Tricyclic antidepressants and gabapentinoids are often used as adjuncts to opioids for neuropathic pain. In neuropathic cancer pain they are rarely used alone, prior to opioids: a recent study showed that all antineuropathic agents are effective and there is a morphine-sparing effect of pregabalin [22]. a serotonin and noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitor originally developed as an antidepressant, reduces chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathic pain in some patients [23]. Tapentadol: Tapentadol is a novel centrally acting analgesic that is both a noradrenaline uptake inhibitor and a mu agonist (acts on opioid receptors). A study by Mercadante et al. concluded that it is effective for cancer pain [24]. Capsaicin, the active ingredient of the hot red chilli pepper, activates the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV) receptor expressed in nociceptive sensory nerves and defunctionalizes nociceptor activity. A recent Cochrane review suggests that low dose topical capsaicin is no better than placebo cream for peripheral neuropathic pain but high concentrations can be effective [25]. Lidocaine Topical lidocaine 5% medicated plasters are licensed for post herpetic neuralgia but are recommended in a recent review as first-line treatment for localized neuropathic pain from a variety of causes [26]. Intrathecal drug therapy Neuraxial (epidural and intrathecal) infusions of local anaesthetic with or without opioid make a most important contribution to the management of severe cancer pain. Indeed, it has been suggested that intrathecal morphine should be the top rung of the analgesic ladder and that intraspinal therapy should be used when the usual pharmacological therapies have failed [27]. The main indications for use of intrathecal drug delivery are: (a) uncontrolled pain despite high doses of opioids and adjunct drugs; (b) unacceptable side effects from analgesics; cancer involving a nerve plexus, most commonly (c) the lumbosacral plexus; (d) widespread bony metastases. A randomised controlled trial showed improved quality of life, sustained pain control and significantly less drug-related toxicity with intrathecal drug delivery (ITDD) compared to comprehensive medical management [29]. Survival was significantly longer in the ITDD arm of the trial. There have been other case series and a recent review article supportive of the technique [30-32]. Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty Metastatic spread of cancer to the vertebral bodies in the spine occurs in one third of patients with carcinoma and half of those with distant metastases [33], most commonly in the thoracic spine. Vertebroplasty is a technique of injecting acrylic cement percutaneously into the affected vertebral body or bodies under fluoroscopic imaging. Kyphoplasty is a newer modification of vertebroplasty where a specialised balloon is inflated in the vertebral body prior to injection of cement. This minimises leakage of cement and reduces kyphotic deformity. A systematic review of safety and efficacy of percutaneousvertebroplasty in malignancy in 987 cases indicated pain reduction ranging between 47 and 87%, but a 2% risk of serious complications including 5 deaths, 4 cement pulmonary emboli, and frequent cement leaks, 12 of which caused neuropathy requiring emergency decompression [34]. The authors comment on a lack of robust data. The same authors published a more optimistic prospective study of percutaneous vertebroplasy in 125 patients with myeloma and spinal metastases and reported reduction in pain and improvement in mobility without serious complications [35]. Useful interventional techniques Since the palliative care movement gathered pace in the 1970s and 1980s, requests for “permanent” nerve blocks have become fewer, partly because of perceived lack of effectiveness or harm from the blocks and partly because anaesthetists (who perform the blocks) became more remote and less experienced. There are a few interventional techniques that still have an important role in complex cancer pain management. Percutaneous cervical cordotomy This is a radiofrequency lesion to the spinothalamic tract at C1-2 level in the cervical spinal cord for pain on the opposite side of the body, usually from mesothelioma or breast carcinoma causing severe unilateral pain. It is performed at four centres only in the UK. Case series show effectiveness in 85-90% cases, and a reduction in drug-related toxicity, with minimal adverse effects [36]. Coeliac plexus block This is a neurolytic block of the coeliac ganglia, situated anterior to the body of L1 vertebra, which innervate the organs of the upper abdomen through the sympathetic nervous system. It is a technique that was widely performed via a posterior approach until the mid 1990s when a retrospective postal survey showed an incidence of paraplegia following the block of 0.15% [37]. However, evidence points to effective pain relief and reduction in opioid use following a successful block [38-40]. There are many approaches to the coeliac ganglia described in the literature: none is better than another, but use of CT scanning, ultrasonography-guided blocks via the anterior route, or the video-thorascopic approach adopted in recent years may improve safety [41]. Intrathecal neurolysis This is the injection of phenol or alcohol onto the dorsal roots of selected nerves via a spinal needle sited within the dural sac. Safety depends on correct positioning of the patient and skill of the operator. The technique is performed in a few centres only in the UK but selective dorsal thoracic root blocks are helpful for chest wall pain and saddle blocks for pelvi-sacral pain [42]. Ultrasound guided nerve blocks Improvements in ultrasound technology have greatly improved accuracy of placement of needles and catheters adjacent to nerves, and there is increasing use by anaesthetists for regional anaesthesia. A literature review by Tran et al. concluded that for axillary blocks the use of ultrasound increases the likelihood of the block being successful [43]. The pain-relieving role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy Palliative radiotherapy is used to relieve pain from brain and bony metastases. A Cochrane review shows a complete response in 25% at one month, with a further 40% of patients with painful bony metastases getting 50% pain relief [44-46]. The radionuclides strontium-89 and radium-223 have been used successfully to treat pain from prostate cancer bone secondaries [47]. Bisphosphonates reduce cancer bone pain in 50% of recipients regardless of the primary tumour [48] and should be considered where analgesics and/or radiotherapy are inadequate for the management of painful bony metastases [49]. Hormone therapy improves pain in breast and prostate cancer. Dual oncogenic and nociceptive signaling antagonists are being developed [50]. Neuromodulation Neuromodulation is the technique of altering nerve activity by the application of electric currents. Spinal cord stimulation has been shown to be particularly effective in neuropathic pain (15-40% of cancer pain), vascular pain and recently high-frequency stimulation has been shown to be effective in controlling nociceptive pain [51]. A 2013 Cochrane review on spinal cord stimulation in cancer-related pain found no randomised controlled trials, 4 longitudinal case series and 14 case reports [52]. The most significant case series was performed by Shimoji et al. [53] Other studies have shown efficacy of spinal cord stimulation in post thoracotomy pain for lung carcinoma [54], back pain related to carcinoma [55], leg pain [56,57] and groin/testicular pain [58,59]. Other techniques used for cancer pain Complementary therapies Complementary and alternative therapies are widely used for the management of cancer pain and associated distress. Despite this, the evidence base is relatively poor. A systematic review performed by Bardia et al. found 18 randomised controlled trials on this subject, of which only 7 were of high quality [60]. Educational interventions Although opioids are effective drugs at reducing cancer pain, there are significant psychological barriers that prevent physicians from prescribing them and patients from accepting them. These are illustrated in the recent National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines on opioids in palliative care [61]. Several interview-based studies have highlighted patients‘concerns about opioids [62-64]. The meta-analysis performed by Bennett et al. in 2009 demonstrated that educational interventions, compared to usual care, led to improvements in patients knowledge and attitudes and an improvement in average pain score of around 1 point out of 10 [65]. Interestingly, they did not find any improvement in the consequence of pain on patient function or adherence to medication. A systematic review by Ling et al. in 2012 again found a significant improvement in pain control with educational interventions but no improvement in quality of life [66]. In summary Cancer pain is complex and multifactorial in origin, which makes management of pain difficult in at least a quarter of patients. Careful assessment of the types and sources of pain must be made and then treated holistically, adapting treatment to the needs of the individual. 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Royal Marsden Hospital; 2013. 51. van Buyten J, Al-Kaisy A, Smet I, Palmisani S, Smith T: High-frequency spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of chronic back pain patients: results of a prospective multicenter European clinical study. Neuromodulation 2013, 16:59-65 discussion 65-6. 52. Lihua P, Su M, Zejun Z, Ke W, Bennett MI: Spinal cord stimulation for cancer-related pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013, 2:CD009389. 53. Shimoji K, Hokari T, Kano T, Tomita M, Kimura R, Watanabe S, Endoh H, Fukuda S, Fujiwara N, Aida S: Management of intractable pain with percutaneous epidural spinal cord stimulation: differences in pain-relieving effects among diseases and sites of pain. Anesth Analg 1993, 77:110-6. 54. Yakovlev AE, Resch BE, Karasev SA: Treatment of cancer-related chest wall pain using spinal cord stimulation. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2010: 27:552-6. 55. Yakovlev AE, Resch BE: Spinal cord stimulation for cancer related low back pain. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2012, 29:93-7. 56. Cata JP, Cordella JV, Burton AW, Hassenbusch SJ, Weng H, Dougherty PM: Spinal cord stimulation relieves chemotherapyinduced pain: a clinical case report. J Pain Symptom Manage 2004, 27:72-8. 57. Tsubota S, Higaki N, Nagaro T: [A case of neuropathic cancer pain in the lower extremities successfully treated with spinal cord stimulation]. Masui 2009, 58:1460-1. 58. Yakovlev AE, Ellias Y: Spinal cord stimulation as a treatment option for intractable neuropathic cancer pain. Clin Med Res 2008, 6:103-6. 59. Nouri KH, Brish EL: Spinal cord stimulation for testicular pain. Pain Med 2011, 12:1435-8. 60. Bardia A, Barton DL, Prokop LJ, Bauer BA, Moynihan TJ: Efficacy of complementary and alternative medicine therapies in relieving cancer pain: a systematic review. J Clin Oncol 2006, 24:5457-64. 61. NICE clinical guideline 140: Opioids in palliative care: safe and effective prescribing of strong opioids for pain in palliative care in adults. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence2012, [http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/live/13745/ 59285/59285.pdf]. 62. Blanchard H, Batten B: Designing and producing a patient leaflet on morphine. Eu J Pall Care 1996, 3:106-8. 63. Bender JL, Hohenadel J, Wong J, Katz J, Ferris LE, Shobbrook C, Warr D, Jadad AR: What patients with cancer want to know about pain: a qualitative study. J Pain Symptom Manage 2008, 35:177-87. 64. Reid CM, Gooberman-Hill R, Hanks GW: Opioid analgesics for cancer pain: symptom control for the living or comfort for the dying? A qualitative study to investigate the factors influencing the decision to accept morphine for pain caused by cancer. Ann Oncol 2008, 19:44-8. 65. Bennett MI, Bagnall A, José Closs S: How effective are patient based educational interventions in the management of cancer pain? Systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain 2009, 143:192-9. 66. Ling C, Lui LYY, So WKW: Do educational interventions improve cancer patients’ quality of life and reduce pain intensity? Quantitative systematic review. J Adv Nurs 2012, 68:511-20.

Biography:

Dr. Mittal has completed her PhD in Biochemistry from AAU, Gujarat and postdoctoral studies from Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad. At present she is heading the Department of Molecular Genetics and Stem Cell Research at Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Bangalore, India. The focus of her lab is to study the Mesenchymal Stem cells, directed differentiation into specific lineages, insight into disease mechanism, and screening of novel therapeutic molecules. The goal of her lab is to study the interaction of MSCs with tumors, tumors initiating stem cells and pathogens for targeted cell based therapies.

Abstract:

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a major health problem worldwide affecting more than half a million patients each year. At present, stem cell therapy for cancer has entered into a new era with traditional therapies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted increasing interest in the field of oncology because of their inherent capacity to migrate and home to tumor tissues, regulating immune surveillance, apoptosis and angiogenesis during tumor development. These are the group of cells, present in bone-marrow stroma and the stroma of various organs. MSCs exhibit stimulatory or inhibitory effects on tumor growth and invasion through direct or indirect interaction with tumor cells. The role of MSCs in cancer development is still controversial and the exact contribution in tumor progression has not yet been fully clarified, whether they exert a tumor-suppressive effect or favor tumor growth. The discrepancy between these results may arise from issues related to different tissue sources, individual donor variability and injection time. Further research is required to differentiate the genes and signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis and interaction with stem cells for development of new therapies, with the goal of eliminating the residual disease, recurrence and drug resistance. Understanding the mechanisms of how MSCs promote invasive growth and metastasis in HNSCC and respond to cancer management strategies is of profound medical importance and will allow us to design improved therapeutic protocols in evaluating the role of MSCs in cell-based anti-tumor and tumor targeted therapy for HNCC.

Biography:

Dr. Divya. S has completed her MDS in Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology from Vydehi Dental College and Research Centre affiliated with Rajiv Gandhi Universities of Health Sciences (RGUHS), Karnataka, India. She is a one among the rank holders in RGHUS during her post- graduation in the year 2014. She is a senior lecturer in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and scientist in the Department of Molecular Genetics & Stem Cell Research. She is currently working on Cancer Stem Cells, to identify biomarkers present on CSCs, drug targets and drug resistance.

Abstract:

Human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly heterogeneous disease worldwide. The current evolutional progression model has limitations in explaining the heterogeneity existing in a single tumor nest. Hence, understanding the biology of HNSCC progression is necessary for the development of novel approaches to its prevention, early detection and treatment and to determine the prognosis. Recent evidence supports the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) as small subpopulations that plays an important role in the pathobiology of solid tumors, including HNSCC. These cells are able to self-renewal in vitro, give rise both to other tumor stem cells and most advanced cells in the line of differentiation. A final characteristic is tumorigenicity, which outlines the tumor stem cell as the only cell able to initiate the formation of a tumor when implanted in immune-deficient mice. Despite advances in diagnostic and therapeutic methods, survival of HNSCC remains unchanged over the last 30 years with treatment failure and metastases being the strongest indicators of poor prognosis. Notably, current evidence suggests that, it is not possible to isolate stem cells from all types of neoplasia and are extremely resistant to conventional therapy. Since, these are the drivers of local recurrence and metastatic spreads which may eventually lead to the lack of treatment success, there is an urgent need in the better understanding of CSCs biology and identify them as potential target in new treatment modality.

Biography:

Dr. Mahima VG has completed her BDS & MDS from Bapuji Dental college, Davangere, Karnataka and currently working as Professor in the Department of Oral medicine & Radiology, JSS Dental College & Hospital, Mysore, a premier institution in the field. She has published more than 100 papers in various reputed national and international journals and has a vast teaching experience of 18 years in the profession.

Abstract:

Light based Diagnostic Aids for Early Detection of Oral cancer: Early detection of oral cancer is one of the most efficient ways to reduce the high mortality from this disease. Early detection can minimize the morbidity of the disease and its treatment, which is associated with a severe loss of function, disfigurement, depression and poor quality of life. A number of light-based oral cancer screening aids have been developed and aimed at assisting in the identification of precancerous and cancerous lesions at their earliest stage. These aids are used as adjuncts to the conventional oral cavity examination to help visualize lesions. Light based diagnostic systems are based on properties like autofluorescence, chemiluminescence, tissue fluorescence spectroscopy, optical coherence and narrow band imaging. These diagnostic aids work on the assumption that abnormal metabolic or structural changes have different absorbance and reflectance properties. Chemiluminescence is the emission of light from a chemical reaction . In tissue autofluorescence, the changes in the structure and metabolism of the epithelium and sub-epithelial stroma alter their interaction with intense blue light. Advantages of these light based aids are non invasiveness and ease of use in clinical setting with their portable devices. Main disadvantage is its low specificity when compared with tissue biosy which is the gold standard in screening of oral cancer.

Biography:

Dr.K.Meena Anand has completed her MDS in the year 2007 from Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal.She is working as associate professor in the department of Periodontology. She has 21 published article in both national and internatonal indexed journals

Abstract:

Background: Dental Education focusses on clinical competence, learner-centred teaching and student-initiated problem solving. CBL helps to develop collaborative approach, foster learning, deep level of understanding, opportunity to consolidate and integrate thereby enhancing long term memory. A structured CBL module for postgraduates was therefore designed. Objectives: To introduce CBL module to inculcate self-centred learning and better clinical co-relation Materials & Methods: Six post graduate students were included. Essay questions on selected topic was given and assessed. A pre intervention questionnaire was administered. Cases designed and peer validated were given to PGs after an orientation program. Students regrouped after 2 weeks, presented the cases while faculty assessed the presentation. Intervention effectiveness was assessed by a self-designed questionnaire. Essay questions on the same topics were given and assessed after intervention. A post intervention questionnaire was administered. Results: Pre & post intervention mean scores was analysed by Paired T test, CBL effectiveness was represented as percentage and qualitative data expressed as themes. PGs found tackling the clinical scenario was better. CBL pattern enhanced longer retention, helped sort out factual data, apply analytical tools to draw conclusion, relate to real life situation, formulate strategies to analyse/generate possible solution and develops skills in group learning, interaction and critical thinking. Conclusion: The designed CBL intervention was effective. It promoted enhanced group dynamics and self-study, paved way for active learning that enhanced clinical approach and co-relation. However, regular implementation and involvement of larger student groups will validate the results.

Biography:

Abstract:

Background and objectives: According to World Oral Health report 2003, the prevalence of periodontitis is 86% in India and is often neglected. Oral health literacy is defined as ‘The degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process and understand basic oral health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions.’(HealthyPeople2010). Developing adequate levels of health literacy may depend on external factors such as education, experiences in health settings and family attitudes; and individual factors such as cognitive ability and prior knowledge. There is scarce data available on dental health awareness and oral hygiene practices in India. The purpose of this study was to examine if there is a relationship between the education status and oral health literacy in two of the most literate tricity (Chandigarh) and another state Kerala in India. Materials and methods: The study was conducted from Jan 2015 to May 2015 in the city of Chandigarh and Kerala. Patients in the age group of 17-65 from few private dental clinics in both the cities were randomly asked to fill out a self-administered structured questionnaire. 500 patients returned the questionnaire. The results were analyzed using Chi square test. Results and conclusion: The results of the study suggested that the only 50% of the population is aware about the periodontal problems and the treatment strategies. Also the role of general practitioners in creating awareness was not satisfactory. The study has shown that there was only 40% oral health awareness in states with 90% literacy rate. The study has highlighted the need of oral health awareness on a larger scale in developing countries like India. Surveys in more number of states are required to determine the status of oral health knowledge.

Biography:

Aastha Ganjoo is an undergraduate student of SDM Dental College, Karnataka

Abstract:

An increasing number of edentulous patients suffer from hypertension. A common side effect of anti-hypertensive drugs is hyposalivation. Hyposalivation decreases the retention of complete denture and affects the quality of life of patients. Topical sialogogues help in increasing the salivary flow without causing any side effects. 1% malic acid solution is one such topical sialogogue. The study is undertaken to note the affect of 1% malic acid solution on the retention of the maxillary complete denture in the patients on anti-hypertensive drug therapy. The measurement of retention is done by an instrument based on the principle of class I pulley and spring balance. 12 such edentulous patients on anti-hypertensive therapy participated in the study and the retention of the maxillary complete denture is measured. Then 1% malic acid solution is applied and retention measured again. The patient is asked to apply the solution for 1 week after which retention is measured. The three readings are compared and analysed statistically. Conclusion: There is significant increase in retention after the application of the 1% malic acid solution.

Biography:

K Divyasree Bhat doing IVth BDS in C.K.S Theja institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Tirupati. I have presented papers in various inter college Seminars, and 2 national seminars so far.

Abstract:

Oral cancer is one of the most heard and deadly disease of current decade. The most common etiology for oral cancer is smoking tobbaco in various forms, chewing guthka or paan , and intake of alcohol. These causes have a definate risk factors in various assosiated neoplasms not only the oral cavity and surrounding tissues, but also the over all human body. Interestingly three cases were studied which was reported to our institution had none of these etiology. The main cause found out were the association of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), HPV (human papilloma virus) and Candidiasis. We hereby report series of case reports of oral cancer associated with unusual different and rare aetiology.

Biography:

Dr Sujatha BK Senior Lecturer Department of Public Health Dentistry Vydehi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Center ITPL, Whitefield Bangalore Education Details: BDS: JSS Dental College and Hospital, Mysore- 2000 -2005 MDS: Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere-2009-2012 PGDDM: IGNOU -2015 Professional Experience: 3 years 2012 – till date: Senior lecturer, Department of Public Health Dentistry Vydehi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru -560066 Academic achievements: Has 12 scientific publications in different national and international journals into credit. One of the contributors of clinical manual in Public Health Dentistry by Dr. D.P Narayan Research personnel with adequate knowledge in Biostatistics and Research methodology and Epidemiology. Qualified PG Diploma graduate in Disaster management.

Abstract:

Literacy is one of the determinants of health. In order to achieve health one should understand the preventive and curative measures available and methods to utilize the same which in turn demands health literacy. Health literacy is a set of understandings and skills that contribute to health and wellbeing. Health Literacy is inextricably linked to the betterment of oral health. Efforts to reduce costs spent to treat oral diseases and oral health disparities cannot succeed without simultaneous improvements in health literacy of the public, health care providers and policy makers, as all these factors influence the understanding of dental concepts, share personal and health information with providers, participate in their health care and that of their children, navigate the health care system, including locating providers and services, act on health related news and announcements. Hence, the need of the hour is to improve the critical concept of oral health literacy which is a pathway to decrease the disparities in oral health and achieve oral health equity.

Biography:

Abstract:

Biography:

Abstract:

Complementary and Alternative Methods like Oil Pulling are widely mentioned in the Ayurvedic text Charaka Samhita (Kavala or Gandusha) and claim to cure about 30 systemic diseases ranging from headache, migraine to diabetes and asthma. Oil pulling is a traditional Indian folk remedy to prevent decay, oral malodor, bleeding gums, dryness of throat, cracked lips and for strengthening teeth, gums and the jaw. Oil pulling , refers to the act of swishing 1 to 2 tablespoons of oil in the mouth for 10- 20 minutes.Raw Unrefined Oils like sunflower oil, sesame oil, coconut oils are to be used.The concept of oil pulling was familiarized by Dr. F. Karach in the 1990s in Russia. This method can be widely used in the modern world in conditions like mouth ulcer, fever, indigestion, tendency to vomit, increased gag reflex, where brushing is contraindiacted. A study was conducted by Asokan S et al (2009) to evaluate the effect of oil pulling with sesame oil on plaque-induced gingivitis, and to compare its efficacy with chlorhexidine mouthwash. As a result oil pulling was found to be effective as comparable to widely used chlorhexidine mouthwashes, without the side effects of staining. It has been found to reduce plaque index, halitosis and also to whiten teeth to an extent, with a long lasting fresh breath.The high content Of Vitamin E, Vitamin C also helps maintain gingival and mucosal health. It also reduces tooth ache, as does clove oil.This method works on the basis that the oil makes the teeth structure slippery to make adhering by Streptococcus Mutans and other microflora difficult. This eliminates the prime factor of Causation Of Caries and reduces caries and tooth loss. Its effectivity is still debatable and vouches many other factors.It is still a preventive ,not a curative remedy and is to be regularly followed by brushing and flossing.

Biography:

A. R. Pradeep Professor & Head, Department of Periodontology, GDCRI, Bangalore.

Abstract:

The goals of periodontal therapy include not only the arrest of periodontal disease progression, but also the regeneration of structures lost to disease. Regeneration is defined as reproduction or reconstruction of a lost or injured part in such a way that the architecture and function of the lost or injured tissues are completely restored. Periodontal regeneration includes regeneration of the tooth’s supporting tissues, including alveolar bone, periodontal ligament and cementum over a previously diseased root surface. Growth factors comprise a heterogenous family of natural, biologically active polypeptide molecules with special importance in wound healing, immunoregulation and bone regeneration. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a rich source of growth factors used in tissue engineering to increase the levels of growth factors by releasing them from intracellular stores. PRF is prepared by centrifugation of blood using a simple and inexpensive protocol. Unlike other platelet concentrates, this technique does not require any anticoagulants or bovine thrombin or any other gelling agent. PRF releases growth factors over a period of 7 days. The PRF clot combines many healing and immunity promoters present in the initial blood harvest. It can be used directly as a clot or after compression as a strong membrane. Potential clinical indications of PRF are numerous, including periodontal, oral and maxillofacial and plastic surgery.

Biography:

Graduated from Government Dental College in the year 1998 M.D.S.in Periodontics from Government Dental College in the year 2006 Presently doing Ph.D under the guidance of Dr A.R.Pradeep, Professor and Head , PhD Guide ,Department of Periodontics , Government Dental College and Research Institute,Bangalore

Abstract:

Endothelin(ET)-1 is a 21-amino-acid peptide with multifunctional regulation. ET was originally discovered as a potent vasoconstrictive peptide from endothelial cells. It has been reported that ETs are produced by various cells besides endothelial cells. ETs are related to inflammatory and sclerotic lesions, such as arteriolosclerosis and hepatic cirrhosis. Initial research indicated that ET-1 levels in the gingival crevicular fluid from patients with chronic periodontitis were higher than those in the gingival crevicular fluid from healthy subjects. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between the clinical parameters and the concentrations of ET-1 within the gingival crevicular fluid from inflamed gingiva and periodontitis sites and, subsequently, after the treatment of periodontitis sites. A total of 60 subjects were divided into three groups - healthy (group I), gingivitis (group II) and chronic periodontitis (group III) - based on gingival index, pocket probing depth and clinical attachment loss. A fourth group consisted of 20 subjects from group III, 6-8 wk after treatment (i.e. scaling and root planing). Gingival crevicular fluid samples collected from each patient were quantified for ET-1 using an enzymatic immunometric assay. ET-1 was not detected in any sample from any of the study groups. The results showed that all the gingival crevicular fluid samples were negative for the ET-1 molecule. Therefore, ET-1 cannot be considered as a potential biomarker of periodontal disease progression.

Biography:

A sincere, hardworking, versatile girl with a huge appetite for learning and progressing Gregarious, yet disciplined, strive to achieve perfection in all my endeavors A thorough professional with a sharp clinical acumen Handle my patients and peers with tender loving care and appropriate competence Ability to work flexibly and effectively as a good team member

Abstract:

India has a rich ancient heritage of traditional and herbal medicine. Renewed interest and advances in the field of complementary and alternative medicine have promoted widespread use of herbal agents for both medical and dental therapy. The use of natural products in the prevention and treatment of oral conditions has increased recently and could be beneficial to urban and rural communities of low socioeconomic levels. During the past two decades, reliability and usage of herbal product has become of increasing importance due to the side effects and complications of many chemical and synthetic medicines, including antibiotic resistance. About 25% of drugs are derived from plants and many others are formed from prototype compounds isolated from plant species. These herbal medications of dental importance include aloe vera, triphala, suryakshara, guduchi, yashtimadhu, curcumin, lavanga and many more. They can be systemically administered as tablets, powders and syrups, or applied as topical agents or as local drug delivery agents. They are found to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, hypoglycaemic, hypolipidaemic, healing promoting and immune boosting properties, which validate their use in dentistry. Hence, biomedicine does give a more holistic approach to patient management. Given the enormity of the health problems faced by countries with large populations, it may be practical to devise oral healthcare delivery systems that retain efficacious traditional techniques. However, the challenge is to integrate the best of the different healing traditions to meet the healthcare needs of the contemporary society.

Biography:

Dr. Richa Khanna has completed her Bachelors of Dental Sciences in the year 2004 and Masters in Pedodontics inthe year 2007 from the reputed King George’s Medical University, Lucknow (UP). She is presently working as Assistant Professor in the same speciality in her alma mater. She has a total of nine national and international publications to her credit since her joining in King George’s Medical University, Lucknow in 2009. She is also serving as member of review board of several reputed journals of India. She is a member of prestigious organisations like Indian dental association and Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry.

Abstract:

Developmental defects of enamel (DDEs) are visible alterations in the normal translucency of enamel resulting from enamel organ dysfunction. Clinically DDEs can be seen as qualitative or quantitative defects. Qualitative developmental defects are further characterised by an intact surface layer which is smooth and hypermineralised, and a porous subsurface layer, that is soft and hypomineralised. Affected teeth pose significant clinical challenges6,7 due to this characteristic structure. The presence of such defects significantly increase dental treatment need as the teeth are more susceptible to plaque accumulation and dental caries. There is rapid post-eruptive tissue loss associated with the teeth and increased porosity of residual enamel. Several treatment strategies have been suggested for DDEs, like micro abrasion, tooth bleaching, composite restorations, full crown restorations. Most of the treatment strategies that focus on aesthetic improvement, do not concentrate on the functional demands; like micro abrasion and bleaching. On the other hand, restorative procedures, which meet the functional demands, follow a much invasive protocol. In order to bridge the gap between the two have emerged the micro-invasive options. One of the most promising microinvasive alternative for DDEs is ‘resin Infiltration’. This new technique has been found to be highly effective in infiltrating natural early carious lesions which are structurally similar to qualitative developmental enamel defects. The present series of clinical cases therefore were planned to assess how effectively resin infitration procedure is able to recover the natural enamel esthetics.

Biography:

Dr.Sunila B Sangappa aged 40 yrs is working as Associate Professor in the Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge at JSS Dental College and Hospital, a Constituent College of JSS University, Mysore. She has additional responsibilities of Institutional Coordinator for the Centre for Continuing Dental Education for the faculty and involved in Clinical training of Undergraduate and Postgraduate students in the home institution. She has also undergone Postgraduate Diploma in Health Professions Education in the year 2012 (KLE-UIC) and is also a FAIMER 2014 Fellow. Her special areas of interest include Patient centered practice, Scholarship in teaching and Oral Health Awareness amongst Allied Professions. She has National and International publications and has been awarded the Best Faculty Scientific Paper at two of the National Conferences of her Discipline.

Abstract:

Context: Despite the importance of developing communication skills as a competence in dental education, systematic development of those skills in student practitioners tends to be limited and is often overshadowed by curricular time spent teaching technical skills rather than integrating behavioral and technical abilities. The aim of this study was to test the communication skills training program’s effectiveness to identify and address areas in the student’s communication for patient care. Method: A one-group, pre-test, post-test pilot study (n = 17) was conducted amongst third year graduate students of 2014-15 batch. The objectives for the study came from ADEE’s Domain II. Calgary Cambridge model was used to design a Dental communication assessment tool that includes Content, Process and Perceptual skills. Results: The results from this study show that the program did improve the students’ communication skills. Patient questionnaire surveys were used to assess the interpersonal skills and most of the patients rated the therapeutic relationship in this study as highly satisfied. The instrument demonstrated good inter examiner reliability before intervention (Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.951) and the post intervention (Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.957). The process used to determine Content validity and the inter-rater reliability proved to offer structure and consistency to the instrument development. Conclusion: Therapeutic communication is vital to effective patient-centered care. As clinicians advance from novice to expert in the practice of a specialty, the definition of competence expands, the learner’s performance should be assessed according to the appropriate level and complexity of general training and skill. The results support the Content validity and the inter-rater reliability of this checklist as a tool to assess the Communication and interpersonal skills during patient interaction.

Biography:

Wessam Mohamed Dehis has completed her PhD at the age of 31 years from Cairo University and she is a Researcher at Oral Removable Prosthodontics Department, Oral and Dental Medicine Division, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt, 2014. She is a member in many scientific committees. She has both organized and participated as a speaker in many international conferences in and outside Egypt , and the last one was in "FDI Annual World International Dental Conference, Bangkok, Thailand" 2015 (Speaker). She has published more than 5 papers in reputed journals and has both organized and presented lectures in many symposiums.

Abstract:

The purpose of this in-vivo study was to compare the effect of both Conventional metallic partial denture and Telescopic one on the bone height of the three main abutments in Kennedy Class I patients’ modification I with unilateral pier abutment. Fourteen patients of mandibular Kennedy Class I patients’ modification I with unilateral pier abutment were divided into two groups; Group I received Conventional metallic removable partial dentures, while the other group received Telescopic removable partial denture. The supporting structures of the removable partial dentures were clinically and radiograghically evaluated, and bone height was the evaluated parameter. After baseline recording following denture insertion, subsequent measurements were obtained at regular follow up appointments 3, 6 and 9 months. Radiographic evaluation was performed using the Digora system, Radiographic Acrylic template was constructed for each patient. The linear measurement system supplied by the software of the Digora machine was used for recording changes in bone height mesial and distal to the three main abutments. Comparison was performed between both Vitallium and Telescopic groups using independent t-test resulting in insignificant difference for all follow up intervals (P value > 0.05). Conventional metallic and telescopic removable partial dentures were both clinically and biologically successful. However, Telescopic removable partial denture is superior to the conventional one regarding bone height.

Biography:

Dr Mary Shimi S Gomez has completed her Masters in Public Health Dentistry from Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere in 2013. She worked as Senior lecturer in Malabar Dental Colleg, Kerala for a duration of one year. At Present working as a senior resident in Government Dental College Kottayam, Kerala. Presenter has 11 scientific publications in different national and international reputed journals into credit. Research personnel with adequate knowledge in Biostatistics and Research methodology and Epidemiology. Other areas of interest are related to special care dentistry. One of the speakers for upcoming research methodology workshop in Kottayam, Kerala.

Abstract:

E media has become a part of the fabric of today’s world, from which Medical and Dental fields cannot be spared as it has a very high influence in academics to microsurgical techniques. Boon in information technology and computer sciences have changed the lifestyle quotient of people. The key factor of patient communication has been also made easy with new advances. With advances in technology came the social networking sites, into which people are very much hooked up to be in contact with the near and dear ones. These sites have become a channel for many companies to advertise, recruit, educate and market their products. What has been the influence of this sector to oral health and especially in developing countries where most of its people live in rural areas. However, being in this new era discussion about the social media and its influence on oral health is the need of the hour. Are these advances in social media a boon or bane in dentistry.

Biography:

Sraddha Singh, India

Abstract:

Introduction: Almost all orthodontic procedure cause pain, producing proprioception and discriminating abilities, resulting in lowering of pain threshold. Analgesics are taken to relieve pain but they delay tooth movement. Low level laser therapy (LLLT) decreases pain significantly. There is paucity of literature about the use of magnetic field in pain relief in the oral cavity, although studies related to muscular and neurological pain has been documented. Aim is to study pain relieve in orthodontics, using LLLT and magnetic field, and comparing the two groups. Material and method: A split mouth double blind experimental study was conducted amongst 10 subjects (6 females 4 males, mean age 18.5) in the department of orthodontics KLE V K Institute of dental sciences. The sample size was based on the review of literature of Youssef et al. Separator was placed on 16, 26, 36, and 46 (Tooth numbering based on FDI). Magnetic appliance on 36 (1200 G Essix AceTM) and dummy on 46 was placed. While LLLT was used on 16 (wavelength 904nm Oralia D GaAlAs diode laser) for 1 minute, 26 was control. The duration of the study was 48 hours during which pain perception was recorded using numerical analogue scale. The statistical analysis was done with SPSS version 17 and Mann Whitney test was used. Result: Statistical significant difference was present between the magnetic and LLLT compared to their control groups (p<0.05). While on comparing magnetic field and LLLT, the data was statistically insignificant (p>0.05) Conclusion: This is the first study of its kind with the use of Magnetic field to reduce pain in orthodontics. Both Magnetic field and LLLT were equally effective in reducing pain.

Biography:

Abstract:

Advances in periodontal science and practice have radically changed the understanding of periodontal diseases and have opened new, exciting prospects for both medical and surgical therapy of periodontal diseases. The role of periodontal surgery in the management of periodontal diseases has continued to develop and benefit from advances in clinical as well as basic science research. The periodontist now has a wide variety of surgical treatment options to help patients who present with the manifestations of periodontal disease. Historically, periodontal treatment has been aimed more at the preservation and restoration of health to the periodontium than at the esthetic outcome of treatment. In the present era of evidence based dentistry, periodontal surgery has advanced from resection towards regeneration; from macro towards microsurgery; from grafts towards growth factors; from scalpel towards LASER and from corrective towards esthetic surgery. With the advancement of periodontal surgical techniques, the scope of non pocket surgical procedures increased, encompassing now a multitude of areas that were not addressed in the past. The presentation would showcase a series of cases discussing the role of periodontal surgery in the present scenario of increased esthetic awareness and demand by the patient.

Biography:

Dr M S Saravanakumar received his Masters in Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry (MDS) from College of Dental Sciences (CODS) Davangere, Karnataka 2007. He is a Best Outgoing student (MDS) with a University rank holder (RGUHS, Bangalore).He received Fellowship award 2014 from Indian Society for Dental Research (ISDR chapter of IADR). He is a senior consultant in Chennai Apollo hospitals. He has guest lectured extensively and conducted Laser Assisted Pediatric Dentistry

Abstract:

It is of utmost importance to make children interested in and willing to use dental services in order to prevent and treat oral diseases. Therefore, pediatric dental practitioners need to learn new technologies such as lasers, in addition to basic principles. The application of current common lasers in dentistry resulted in less stress and fear in patients during dental procedures, also leading to more conservative non-invasive methods for soft and hard tissues with minimal discomfort and bleeding. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) recognizes the judicious use of lasers as a beneficial instrument in providing dental restorative and soft tissue procedures for infants, children, and adolescents, including those with special health care needs.

Biography:

Abstract:

Background: Food and nutrition affects the teeth during development and malnutrition and it may exacerbate periodontal and oral infectious diseases. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the oral health and nutritional status of Early Head Start Children aged 2 to 5 years who attained the clinical nutrition unit of Institute of Public Health Nutrition. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted conveniently among a total of 384 early head start children aged 2 to 5 years attained at IPHN. Data was collected by face-to-face interview. A pretested structured questionnaire was used and oral clinical examination was performed by following standard appropriate techniques and tools. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 36 months with the standard deviation of ±13 months. Majority (41%) of the children were in the age group around 24 to 59 months. Almost all (97.7%) the children cleaned their teeth regularly. Common oral health problems found among the children were Plaque (47%), gum bleeding (11%), gingivitis (14%), swelling of gum (3.9%) and pain or infection with gross caries (23.2%). About 17% of children had the history of previous gum bleeding. Regarding the nutrition level of the children, 6.2% boys and 6.8% of girls had normal nutritional status whereas rests of the respondents were malnourished. Among the malnourished children more than half (54.7%) of the girls and almost one third (28.9%) of boys were suffered from mild malnutrition. Significantly higher proportion of unclean teeth and gum bleeding were found among the children whose mother were illiterate (p=0.001), having low family income (p =0.001 and p=0.005) and having large family size (p=0.001 and p=0.01 respectively). But no significant association was found between Nutritional Status and Oral Health problems. Conclusion: The study concludes that almost all the children clean their teeth regularly.

Biography:

Dr. Aparna has completed her BDS from Maharashtra university and is doing MDS from Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Sciences, Bangalore.

Abstract:

A temporary anchorage device (TAD) is a device that is temporarily fixed to bone for the purpose of enhancing orthodontic anchorage either by supporting the teeth of the reactive unit or by obviating the need for the reactive unit. They can be located transosteally, subperiosteally, or endosteally; and they can be fixed to bone either mechanically (cortically stabilized) or biochemically (osseointegrated). Patient compliance and lack of anchor units often present a perplexing problem for Orthodontists. In the recent times, with the introduction of temporary anchorage devices, a paradigm shift has occurred in the overall perspective towards patient compliance, preservation of anchorage, and fecilitation of treatment towards various difficult malocclusions. This paper deals with the case report of the various malocclusion treated in our department, using TADs , which were otherwise beyond the scope of treatment using conventional means. As happens with every innovation, the leraning curve is steep

Biography:

Dr Vikram Venkateswaran completed his BDS from College of Dental Surgery Manipal in 2000 and since then completed his MBA from IMT Ghaziabad in 2007. He has run a successful dental practice in Delhi. Currently Dr Vikram works with Dell where he elads the marketing function for their digital busienss services group.

Abstract:

Social media continues to influence the manner in which we communicate with people, forge relationships, form opinions and respond to situations on a daily basis. Not only is it used to maintain one’s personal social network, but platforms like Facebook and Twitter have compelled enterprises, be they large, medium or small, to take their existing and prospective consumers seriously and engage with them. This means that from retail to banking, travel to entertainment, transport to groceries, the digital platform has set the bar high for consumers who are demanding better products and services across all sectors. Interestingly, this new kind of consumerism has percolated to the healthcare industry as well with individuals wanting the same high standards from their care providers. It’s a welcome development for many reasons. And the newest adopter of this digital platform is the dental health industry. Considering that India has nearly 100,000 dentists, we are probably one of the largest hubs for dental sciences in Asia. And given that most of them operate their own clinics, one might even consider them as falling under the category of a small enterprise. Therefore there is a clear opportunity for dental surgeons to leverage the power and potential of social media to reach out to their patients and other individuals. Of course, how one can utilize this medium to one’s advantage requires a little skill and some understanding of the platform. To gain a better insight into the usage of social media among Indian dentists, the platforms and preferences, we conducted a research surveying more than 150 dentists mostly from the metros. We also polled them on their need for professional education to leverage social media better. The responses were quite revealing and the analysis threw up the most interesting results. As it turns out, almost 90% of the dentists used social media for their personal use. But interestingly enough, more than 65% of those surveyed made use of it for their work as well. All the findings on the usage are represented in this report and the presentation will be based on some key facts on the report.

Biography:

Abstract:

Today, there are predominanalty two types of brush being sold, capped and Non Capped Brushes. Capped brushes are expected to prevent the brush from being a breeding ground for microorganism. This review provides a complete angled approach as to if they should be used or not. Recent studies show that caps provide effetively no better protecion against microorganisms. In addition, i have down my own research in association with my professors on this topic.

Biography:

Dr. Swet Nisha has completed her Bachelor Of Dental Surgery from West Bengal University Of Health Sciences and presently pursuing Postgraduation In Periodontology & Oral Implantology from J.S.S Dental College & Hospital ,Karnataka,Mysore ,India. She has attended and presented papers at National & International Conferences . She is actively involved in research issues related to field of Periodontology.

Abstract:

Introduction : Growth factors - A diverse group of polypeptides which have important roles in regulation of growth and development of a variety of organs. The goal of Periodontal therapy is not only to arrest the disease process but also to regenerate the lost Periodontal tissues . Periodontal regeneration can occur when progenitor periodontal ligament cells migrate to the denuded root surface, attach to it, proliferate and mature into an organized and functional fibrous attachment apparatus. Significant advances have been made during the last decade in understanding the factors controlling the migration, attachment and proliferation of cells. A group of naturally occurring molecules known as polypeptide growth factors in conjunction with certain matrix proteins are key regulators of these biological events. Of these, the fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin- like growth factors (IGFs), transforming growth factors (TGFs), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and certain attachment proteins appear to have an important role in periodontal regeneration.. Aim : The aim of the study was to critically evaluate the literature on the role of growth factor in Periodontal Regeneration. Materials and Method: The search strategy – A literature search for articles published was carried out on using electronic and manual searches. The electronic search included PubMed, Medline, and the Cochrane databases. keywords used were Growth Factors, Regeneration, Review, Platelet derived growth factor, Bone Morphogenetic Protein , Fibroblast growth factor, Emdogain,Transforming growth factor , Periodontal Regeneration. Results: Human studies suggested that use of growth factor results in greater Periodontal regeneration , healing and bone formation. Conclusion:Growth factor enhances Periodontal regeneration as can be considered as a treatment regimen for periodontal regenerative therapy .

Biography:

Abstract:

Duration required; 30 – 40 minutes. It is about a decade and half since Bio-medical Rules were made applicable in India. There was no concept of Health care waste management (HCWM) in India before 1998.Implementation was expected within a time but extended up to December 2002; most of the health care institution and facilities are still to lay scientifically acceptable systems. One of the reason for this is occupiers (Health care facilities) remain ill-informed about the steps and rules involved in devising a proper systems. Contents list; 1. Introduction 2. Overall Impact of Bio-Medical waste on Public health. 3. Sources of Bio-Medical waste. 4. Generation & Composition. 5. Treatment and disposal technologies. 6. Bio-Medical waste (Management & Handling) Rules. 7. Bio-Medical Waste management in Dentistry. 8. Conclusion.

Biography:

Dr. Shabana Khan, a medical professional by background and a post graduate in clinical research and international regulatory affairs, is currently associated with Ecron Acunova. Her domain and expertise lies in analyzing the feasibility and pharmaceutical market research for the conduct of clinical trials in various therapeutic areas, globally, along with sound knowledge of project management activities; Her current interest is in exploring the guidelines framed by different regulatory agencies towards the biosimilars which possess the clear potential for payers in the emerging “pharmerging” markets, such as India, Brazil and China.

Abstract:

The primary objective would be to compare the analgesic efficacy of two formulations versus placebo in terms of onset of action to be measured by total pain relief (TOTPAR) at 60 minutes post dose. Subjects who would experience moderate to severe pain as demonstrated by a verbal rating scale (VRS) and confirmed by a visual analogic scale (VAS) within 4 hours of out-patient surgical removal of partially or fully impacted third molars under local anaesthetic would be receiving either 1 gram of XX as a tablet, 1 gram of YY, the generic equivalent in a different formulation, or matching placebos. Over the 4 hour period immediately after dosing, subjects would rate pain relief periodically and a single blood sample would be collected at 65 min post dosing to verify analgesic blood concentration as a pharmacokinetic component. A sufficient number of subjects will be screened at clinical sites to ensure that qualified subjects would be scheduled for oral procedure. An estimated number of subjects who undergo the surgical procedure will reach the necessary pain level within the designated 4 hour post-surgery time period. Hence, the subjects who meet the minimum pain threshold will be randomly assigned to one of the treatment groups. Rescue medication would be kept handy. Each subject will be enrolled in the study for up to five weeks. The duration of the study would be approximately 3 to 4 months. The assessment of safety will be based on adverse events reported by all subjects following dosing with the study medication.