5^th American Dental Congress October 05-07, 2015 Philadelphia, USA

Veena Hegde is Professor in prosthodontics and crown and bridge at Manipal college of Dental sciences

Purpose: This study sought to compare in-vitro, the antifungal activity of Melaleuca alternifolia oil and fluconazole mixed with a tissue conditioner. Methodology: By testing several concentrations of fluconazole and melaleuca oil in viscogel, minimum most effective concentration of each antifungal agent against Candida albicans was determined. The parameter used to measure the antifungal activity was mean inhibition diameter and data were analyzed statistically for significance of findings. Result: The minimum most effective concentrations of melaleuca oil in viscogel and fluconazole were 30% w/w and 5% w/w respectively. 30% w/w melaleuca oil was found to be most effective (P<0.001) and superior to 5% fluconazole in viscogel as it retained substantial anti-fungal activity (mean inhibition diameter) even on day 7 when Fluconazole had lost its anti-fungal effect completely as evidenced by re-growth of Candida albicans by day 7. Conclusion: 30% melaleuca oil in tissue- conditioner viscogel is superior to 5% fluconazole in viscogel as anti-fungal agent. Though both showed comparable anti-fungal activity at 24 hours against Candida albicans, yet fluconazole had completely lost it by day 7 whereas melaleuca oil had retained its anti-fungal action substantially.

Luiza Roberta Bin is studying at Western Kentucky University through the Brazilian Scientific Mobility Program for three semesters. After this, she is going to go back to Brazil, where she will graduate from State University of Maringa (UEM), where she has studied dentistry for four years. She has presented at congresses and conferences at multiple universities in Brazil. In addition to her public speaking experience, she also has developed scientific research, specifically in Oral Radiology.

The aim of this research was to analyze by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) the cortical integrity, volume, morphology of the head of the condyle, and the volume of the joint space in patients who have undergone orthognathic surgery. Twenty four patients were separated in two groups: group 1 - patients those who have undergone maxillary advancement and mandibular setback (n=12) and group 2 - patients undergone maxillomandibular advancement (n=12). CBCT scans were taken in three phases: T0 (before surgery), T1 (short term after surgery), and T2 (long term after surgery) and analyzed with Dolphin Imaging & Management Solutions® 11.7 version 3D software. Statistical analysis was conducted with ANOVA, Tukey test and Chi-square test. Changes in joint surface and condylar volume were not found, independently of the kind of surgery. However, there was alteration in condylar surface, which was higher in the right side in group 1. The most common finding of condylar position was concentric, regardless of the analyzed time. Even that didn’t demonstrate any changes in the head of the condyle and joint space, the orthognathic surgery was effective and stable in patients class II and class III through one year of observation.

Objective: The aim of this study was to correlate the position of impacted maxillary canines with Cone Beam CT (CBCT) and produce a guide called Computerized Tomography Examination Guide (CTEG) to help in choosing the proper type of orthodontic treatment plan either orthodontic traction, surgical intervention or surgical extraction. Methods: This study is a retrospective CBCT radiographic review of 21 patients with impacted maxillary canines. A total of 23 maxillary impacted canines were analyzed using ten (10) items from their CBCT radiographs; according to these items a score is developed to suggest the proper orthodontic treatment plan and statistical correlation was done between the suggested treatment plan done by the Computerized Tomography Examination Guide (CTEG) and actual treatment performed to those impacted maxillary canine to test The (CTEG) guide validity. Conclusions: The original treatment plans were 100% in agreement with the Computerized Tomography Examination Guide (CTEG). This study suggests that this guide could help in choosing the type of orthodontic treatment planning in quick and safe way and it is especially helpful for clinicians that are not familiar with CBCT analysis

Golshid Mehrabaniis a DMD student at the age of 27 years from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. I am spending my 2 years internship in rural areas since last year to serve poor people who do not easily have access to dental hygiene services. During my education, I have published 2 papers in journals of World Journal of Plastic Surgery and in Middle East Journal of Scientific Research. I have participated in some workshops and domestic congresses. This submission “S100A9 Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma“ that was accepted as poster presentation is part of my DMD thesis and it is my first international scientific participation for a dentistry student from Iran.

Background: S100A9 is a calcium binding protein which was over-expressed in different human cancers, presenting increased expression in neoplastic tumor cells as well as infiltrating immune cells. The aim of this study is to determine the S100A9 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its relation with the clinicopathological features. Methods: In this study 60 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma and 20 normal epithelium subjects were reviewed by IHC for S100A9 staining. Results: It was shown that S100A9 expression in OSCC was statistically higher than normal epithelium.S100A9 expression in inflammatory cells of stroma was seen in both of OSCC and normal epithelium and was statistically higher in OSCC than normal. The expression of S100A9 in squamous epithelial cells was associated with cellular differentiation, but was not related to the clinical stage and lymph node status. Conclusion: S100A9 expression plays an important role in the carcinogenesis and development of OSCC and the expression in tumor cells denotes to the histological differentiation.

Evgin Yasinoglu was graduated from Ege University School of Dentistry. He has been working as a military dentist in Kasimpasa Military Hospital Department of Dentistry since 2010.

Dental caries and obesity are a public health problem affecting specially youngs around the world. The prevalence of obesity is increasing at high rates reaching epidemic proportions particularly among children and young adults. The objective of the study is to investigate the relationship between dental caries experience and central adiposity status in healthy boys . The sample comprised 1823 young men ranging from 18 to 25 years. Scores of caries, missings and fillings (DMFT) were recorded. Anthropometric measurements for waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference were performed to assess central adiposity (WHR; waist-hip ratio ). Participants were categorized into two groups as follows; WC > 90 cm and WC < 90 cm, WHR > 0.9 and WHR < 0,9 according to The Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Turkey recommendations. Chi-square and t test were used for analyzing data. Results revealed a significant correlation between DMFS and MT & WC (P< 0,05) . In terms of WHR, there were statistically significant associations between waist-hip ratio of > 0.9 and waist-hip ratio of < 0.9 (P=0,007, 5,61 ± 6,86 and 7,02 ± 7,95, respectively). In terms of MT, there were statistically significant associations between waist-hip ratio of > 0.9 and waist-hip ratio of < 0.9 (P=0,003, 0,26 ± 0,65 and 0,41 ± 0,75, respectively). It is concluded that associations were found between dental caries and central obesity. These complex and multifactorial relations like overweight and dental caries may involve many unknown factors which warrant exploration on larger population.

Arpit Singh and Seerat Singh Sekhon are 5th year intern doctors in dentistry. They are currently working on a research to develop low-cost technology through the use of herbal adjuncts to improve oral health. They are members of world Health Organization’s Generation Saviour Association and Mother Teresa Charitable Institution Punjab, India. They have organized numerous camps spreading the awareness on the importance of maintaining a good oral hygiene and ill effects of tobacco on health. They have participated in numerous government campaigns such as National pulse polio program and city cleanliness drive.

Halitosis is one of the most common complaints of patients reporting to the dental offices, which have affected a large proportion of population especially in the developing countries. Most common cause of malodor is related to the indigenous microflora of subgingival areas and related tongue coating in the Oral cavity. Approximately 90% of oral malodor originates from oral cavity while remaining 10% is from systemic and non-oral routes. In rural and suburban areas of the developing countries, chewing of twigs and barks of some trees is the common practice of cleaning teeth to get rid of fast developing microorganisms. The present study was therefore conducted to evaluate the effects of chewing herbal leaves and ginger bits on reducing the microbial count to control halitosis. This study was carried on groups of volunteer subjects who were asked to chew 6-7 leaves of basil (tulsi), mint, mango, ginger bits and curry leaves daily for 7 days revealed increased pH values immediately and 30 minutes after chewing. Maximum reduction in the microbial count (About 95%) was observed with basil leaves followed by mint, ginger, curry and mango respectively. Microbial count recorded as cfu/ml on nutrient agar medium was obtained using serial dilution techniques. Zones of inhibition formed against isolated oral microbes with aqueous solution of these herbal leaves also showed the same results when studied by agar diffusion method.

Jasmeet Punia has completed dental degree (BDS) from Panjab University, India and working as an intern. I have completed dental degree at age 25. I have also attended around 25 camps in rural areas. I have been an active member of NGO run by name of Udham emergency.

Man has been striving for generations to improve his outlook and his appearance – his aesthetics in which the face and the teeth play an important part in his presentation to the outside world. To enhance this desire, attention has been given to correct malformations of teeth. In earlier times this was done by crude methods, later evolved the concept of “braces” which are fixed on the labial surfaces of the teeth. Nowadays, orthodontists have given a new dimension to their arena of operations, shifting from the labial to the lingual so as to give rise to the concept of “invisible braces”. Conventional brackets used are made up of metal and have the disadvantage of being unaesthetic, poor oral hygiene and social stigma. To be able to overcome such drawbacks, the orthodontic community came out with the ultimate aesthetic solution – INVISALIGN ORTHODONTICS. Since its inception in the 1970s, great advances have been made in this modality. At present, lingual orthodontics encompasses accurate diagnosis, treatment protocol, clinical and laboratory procedures.

Suzan BAYER has completed her dentistry education at the age of 22 years from Istanbul University and specializationing studies from Bezmialem University Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery. She has published many papers in reputed journals.

Paresthesia of lingual nerve is annoying for both dentists and patients. It is a rare complication. Gaffen et al. reported 64 cases of non surgical paresthesia in 13 million mandibular anesthesia. It may happen due to tooth extraction of the wisdom teeth or dental anesthetic injection for fillings, crowns. It result in a chronic pain syndrome or neuropathy. If the inferior alveolar nerve is involved, numbness of the lip may result. In this poster presentation we report a case of 39 year old male patient who has paresthesia on his tongue after mandibular anesthesia which was performed before dental filling. He referred to our clinic 1 year later paresthesia begin. Low laser therapy (Diode laser ,810 nm) was performed for 6 months. After 3 years follow up he expressed that he still has numbness and prickling on his tongue instantly. Paresthesia is one of the most serious complication in dentistry and it is so difficult to treat. The aim of this poster presentation is to make clinicians be aware of anesthesia complications. In conclusion, clinicians pay special attention to risks of performing mandibular anesthesia to avoid paresthesia.

Leela has completed her Bachelor of Dental Surgery (B.D.S.) in 2010 from Dr. NTR Health Sciences. She had worked as a Clinical Associate in the Department of Periodontics at Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Telangana, India. Now she is working as a Research Assistant at Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo. She had published 3 papers in reputed journals.

We report a case of localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP), which precipitated during fixed orthodontic treatment in a 16 years old female African-American patient. Oral hygiene instructions, removal of orthodontic bands and non-surgical periodontal therapy was followed by surgical treatment of multiple sites, using calcium sulfate as a synthetic bone graft material and collagen membrane as a barrier, to achieve guided tissue regeneration. One year follow up of the case demonstrates that use of calcium sulfate as a synthetic bone substitute may provide favorable outcome in LAP patients. Furthermore, LAP patients undergoing orthodontic treatment can be successfully managed without tooth morbidity

Hera Arnavaz Havewala is a student of the First Year of Undergraduate Studies at the Dr. G.D. Pol Foundation Y. M.T. Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai.

Dental Anatomy is one of the Basic Sciences , and as important to study, as Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry of the Human Body. Knowledge of Basic Dental Anatomy and Morphology is absolutely essential for further study of Dentistry , and for a successful and proper Dental Practice. This presentation highlights a Dental Student’s perspective on exactly WHY it is so important to study the basic subject of Dental Anatomy and Morphology thoroughly to be a good clinician in Dental Practice.

Yoo Jin Chung has a B.S. in Chemistry from the University of New Orleans, and worked at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). At the 2014 Sugar Industry Technologists, Inc (SIT) conference, she received The George and Eleanore Meade award for the best paper presented. She has published three papers and two under review. One of her posters was selected one of twenty-four finalists to be presented in the Academy of General Dentistry (AGD) annual conference in summer 2015. Currently, she is a dental student at the LECOM School of Dental Medicine.

BACKGROUND: Many studies have suggested that most denture patients clean their denture with brushing and water alone. However, much research is available stating that utilizing brushing with effervescent tablets provides the most effective cleaning of dentures. Research is necessary to better explain this disconnection between recommendations and actual practice of cleaning dentures. PURPOSE: The object of this study is to evaluate if any communication discrepancies exist between patients and dental professionals preventing optimal denture hygiene. METHODS: A search conducted through four electronic databases date restricted from 2000 to January 2015 with keywords including "denture" OR "cleansing" OR "tablet” OR “method” to identify the most effective denture hygiene method. Separate surveys were given to both denture patients and dental professionals. RESULTS: A majority of patients and dental professionals admitted receiving and administering denture hygiene instructions, respectively. Even though most dental professionals believed there is a universal denture hygiene method, ten distinct methods were recommended and few matched with the one suggested by a review of current literature. The most popular patient method was using tablets alone although few dental professionals recommended usage of tablets alone. Interestingly, despite the nonunified method, most patients were satisfied with instructions given. CONCLUSION: The research concludes that denture patients may experience difficulties in achieving optimal denture hygiene due to miscommunication with their dental professionals. Possible causes may arise from their dental professional’s less than ideal recommendations. More effective communication methods are required between patients and dental professionals, and a more unified hygiene method among dental professionals.

PURPOSE: Recent social media posts suggest that activated charcoal powder can be used as a “natural” tooth-whitening agent, applied by brushing with the powder. This study was designed to aims to assess the abrasive affects to acrylic. We suggest that the charcoal’s abrasive characteristics will outweigh the benefits it may produce as a whitening agent and think it will be more abrasive than toothpaste and water, respectively. INTRODUCTION: Activated Charcoal, due to its high capacity for absorption, is ingested in emergency medical situations regarding certain poisons. Its absorbing ability may produce an ion exchange in the mouth via its nano-sized pores to bind and remove tooth-staining agents. The abrasive nature of charcoal powder has not been investigated. Dental acrylic is known to be abraded by toothpaste, which provides a quick screening assessment of abrasive potential. METHODS: Three acrylic resin models were produced, each of equal size, structure, and composition to be used as surfaces in which the following three mixtures were applied by 2,000 strokes of identical toothbrushes: 1. 1 capsule of Activated Charcoal mixed with 1 mL of water 2. 1 serving (pea-sized) of CVS Brilliant White Toothpaste with 1 mL of water 3. 1 mL of H2O. RESULTS: We will compare the visual appearance of the surfaces after abrasion with each medium. Adhesion of particles will also be noted. CONCLUSION: Our findings will provide evidence about the possible side effects produced by using activated charcoal as a dentifrice.