3^rd Euro Congress and Expo on Dental & Oral Health June 16-18, 2015 Alicante, Spain

Waleed El-Beialy received his B.D.S. from Cairo University ranking 2nd on all Egyptian Universities that year, grading Excellent with honors. He attained his M.D.S. and D.D.S. from Cairo Univerity. In 2003 he moved to Japan, achieved a second D.D.S. and Ph.D. from Hokkaido University. He is currently an Associate Professor of OMFS at both Cairo Univerity and Future University in Egypt (FUE). Minor specialities are TMJ and Orthognathics. Arthroscopy is my greatest interest that I achieve a lot with.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and its pathosis has been a hotspot for oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS). Replacing a TMJ is not the modality of choice for treating a number of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), however, it is sought to be the final resort. While ankylosis seems to be the most common necessity for a TMJ replacement, it also generally affects the younger population and ideally augmented by autogenous bone grafts, namely the costochondral grafts that cause the least facial deformity in such growing patients. On the other hand, ankylosis in the adult population; patients suffering multiple failed TMJ surgeries for example following attempts to surgically treat internal derangements (failing menisectomies); as well as those suffering advanced rheumatoid arthritis, are all possible candidates for TMJ prosthesis. In this study the first hands-on Egyptian made TMJ prosthesis will be presented.

Elif Sepeti worked as Professor, June 2004- present Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul. • Associate Professor, October 1998. Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul. • Ph-D, January 1994. Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul. Thesis: To investigate the success of glass ionomer cements in Class II restorations of primary molars: an in-vivo and in- vitro study. Advisor:Prof. Zeynep Aytepe • Research Assistant, January 1991. Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul. • Post graduate student, September 1988. Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul. • DDS, June 1988. Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul.

High fluoride releasing restorative materials generally have lower mechanical properties. Therefore they are preferred in primary teeth and non-stress bearing cavities in permanent teeth. Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties of compomer restorative materials modified with bioactive glass (BAG) and hydroxyapatite (HA) particles . Material and methods:1%, 2%, 3% and 4% w/w HA and BAG particles were added mechanically to the compomers.The specimens were prepared for measurement of compressive strength, flexural strength and fracture toughness. The specimens were assigned to 9 experimental groups. SEM was utilized to study surfaces of the specimens in the fracture toughness test. The statistical analyses were performed by Oneway Anova, Tukey HDS and paired sample t tests. Results: Compressive strength and flexural strength of control group was significantly higher than other groups, except 4% HA added compomers (p<0.01). It was found that BAG particles decreased the compressive strength of compomers. The addition of 1% HA and 4% BAG resulted in a decrease of the elastic modulus. The addition of 3% HA, 3% and 4% BAG significantly increased the fracture toughness of the material (p<0.05,p<0.01). SEM images of the experimental compomers showed a heterogeneous surface. Nano-HA particles were not distributed homogeneously in the matrix and some agglomeration occurred. BAG and HA modified specimens showed rough surface texture. In conclusion, the results of the study demonstrated that the addition of BAG and HA into compomers could affect the mechanical properties of the material depending on the amount of additive. Key Words: bioactive glass, hydroxyapatite, compomer, mechanical properties

Mostafa M. Azab has completed his BDS at the age of 21 years and his Master degree at the age of 29 years from Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University. He is Assistant Lecturer of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University. ** Noha SM Abu-Taleb she is Lecturer of Oral Radiology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University. (Co-author)

Objective: The present study was performed to determine 3D position of the inferior alveolar canal and it’s relation to the impacted mandibular third molars with cone beam CT findings prior to surgical removal. Methods: Thirteen patients with age range 25-35 years old having impacted mandibular third molars were included in the study. All patients were subjected to preoperative cone beam CT imaging. Cone beam CT images were evaluated for the actual position of the inferior alveolar nerve. All impactions were removed surgically under local anesthesia. The clinical and cone beam CT findings were compared. Conclusion: CBCT provided useful information regarding the 3D position of the inferior alveolar canal in relation to mandibular third molar. Thus it can be used for risk assessment and proper surgical planning. This denotes the influence of CBCT on the surgical maneuver when contact with the inferior alveolar canal was observed.

Nadia graduated from the Faculty of Oral & Dental Medicine (FODM), Cairo University in 1995. She was recruited as an Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) resident in the same faculty after graduation after which she became a demonstrator, associate lecturer, lecturer and currently senior lecturer of OMFS. While she attained bachelor and master degrees from Cairo University, she resided in Japan 2003-2010, where she received her Doctor’s Degree in OMFS and Dental Pharmacology in 2008 from the Graduate School of Dentistry, Hokkaido University, Japan. She was the director of OMFS GA unit and Deputy Hospital Manager, Cairo University 2012-2014.

Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome (MPDS) is a commonly encountered temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD). Usually affects the younger population of patients and coexists with internal derangement (ID) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). While MPDS has not been the prime center of attention in literature as ID, yet, addressing MPD as a part of ID treatment is of great value. Treatment modalities for MPDS in the literature included countless designs of mainly hard splints, soft night guards, Botox injections and even the more invasive procedures as pterygomasseteric sling release, and different sorts of myotomies. In this study patients suffering MPDS underwent customized soft splint therapy. Moreover, many patients with ID/MPDS complex showed great improvement of the visual analogue scales (VAS) for pain, tenderness and function; despite not addressing directly their ID condition. The hypothesis of soft splint therapy will be presented.

Dr. Soussan Irani undertook her dentistry degree at Mashad University of Medical Sciences in Iran. She completed her specialty in Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Iran. She received diploma in Public Health and Tropical Medicine from Hamboldt University, Berlin, Germany. She has been awarded PhD from Griffith University, School of Medicine in Australia. She has been teaching at Hamadan University since 2002 to present. Her central research focus is on molecular pathology of human cancers, particularly head and neck and oral cancers.

Background and aims. Helicobacter pylori is a microaerophilic gram-negative spiral organism. It is recognized as the etiologic factor for peptic ulcers, gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric lymphoma. Recently, it has been isolated from dental plaque and the dorsum of the tongue. This study was designed to assess the association between H. pylori and oral lesions such as ulcerative/inflammatory lesions, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and primary lymphoma. Materials and methods. A total of 228 biopsies diagnosed as oral ulcerative/inflammatory lesions, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral primary lymphoma were selected from the archives of the Pathology Department. Thirty-two samples that were diagnosed as being without any pathological changes were selected as the control group. All the paraffin blocks were cut for hematoxylin and eosin staining to confirm the diagnoses and then the samples were prepared for immu-nohistochemistry staining. Data were collected and analyzed. Results. Chi-squared test showed significant differences between the frequency of H. pylori positivity in normal tissue and the lesions were examined (P=0.000). In addition, there was a statistically significant difference between the lesions exam-ined (P=0.042). Chi-squared test showed significant differences between H. pylori positivity and different tissue types ex-cept inside the muscle layer as follows: in epithelium and in lamina propria (P=0.000), inside the blood vessels (P=0.003), inside the salivary gland duct (P=0.036), and muscle layer (P=0.122). Conclusion. There might be a relation between the presence of H. pyloriand oral lesions. Therefore, early detection and eradication of H. pylori in high-risk patients are suggested. Key words: Helicobacter pylori, oral ulcer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, oral lymphoma

Mahmoud Mohsen El Arini,Future University,Egypt Graduated 2003, Masters 2009, PhD 2013. Works as a lecturer of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Future University, Cairo, Egypt. I have a private practice in which I enjoys Oral Surgery as well as Dental Implantation

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of systemic postmenopausal osteoporosis on the osseointegration of endosseous dental implants throughout bone density measurements. Material & Methods: The present study was performed on twelve postmenopausal females; six of them were diagnosed as osteoporotic according to the Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometery (DEXA) others were normal patients. Each patient was a candidate for single or multiple tooth replacement in the maxillary arch. Direct digital radiography was performed at the intervals of immediately after implant installation, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. This is to determine bone density around installed implants. Results: The bone density measurement at base line, after 3 and 6 months (mesial and distal to the implants) of normal group showed statistically significantly higher values than the osteoporotic group. Despite the expected higher values of normal group, yet the percentage changes in bone density for the two groups was equivalent as there was no statistically significant difference between mean percentage changes of the two groups after 3 and 6 months. Conclusion: Low bone density scores of osteoporotic female patients as quantified by DEXA scores does not affect osseointegration rate of dental implants.

Introduction: There has been much discussion recently about the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene on periodontal disease in young healthy patients. The aim of the present work is to review the results of each case-control study which fulfills the inclusion criteria, and to perform a meta-analysis to make clear the association between SNPs in interleukin-6 gene and periodontal disease. Materials and Methods: The search process was performed in the main databases in order to find the case-control studies published until August 2014 that matched inclusion criteria. The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE-PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, EMBASE, VHL (Virtual Health Library), and gray literature (SIGLE) databases were searched for articles published in English by two independent reviewers. The main meSH headings and key words used were: “periodontitis” or “periodontal disease” or “aggressive periodontitis” or “chronic periodontitis” combined with “SNP” or “interleukin-6” or “genotype” or “cytokines”. Data were collected and odds ratio was calculated. Overall statistics was obtained with STATA. Results: 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. There was a lack of data for a proper comprehensive analysis for IL-6(-373) An/Tm polymorphism and IL-6(-597) G/A polymorphism. Meta-analysis showed no association between IL-6 (174) GG polymorphism and periodontitis. Similar results were obtained between the IL-6 (-572) SNPs genotype and periodontitis in all patients. A positive association was found when homozygote genotypes were investigated in within studies analysis and in Asian population. Discussion: Meta-analysis cannot correct all the biases of individual studies but it generates a statistical conclusion with larger power and precision. The analysis confirmed a low heterogeneity (I2) among the studies, mainly when IL-6 (-572) G/C polymorphism was investigated. Modest evidence of association has been found between interleukin-6 gene polymorphisms and periodontal disease. In particular we did not find an association between IL-6 (174) G/C polymorphism and periodontitis susceptibility even if stratification for ethnicity was included. On the other hand we found that IL-6 (-572) G/C polymorphism is associated with a modest increase in the probability of developing periodontal disease.

Dr. Iryna Branets is a clinical director, Department of Cariology and comprehensive care, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, Past Instructor and assistant professor, department of cariology and comprehensive care NYU College of Dentistry. she is a member of American Dental Association, American Academy of oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and the American Academy of Facial Esthetics, she has over ten articles published in peer reviewed journals and over ten published abstracts. she is on the editorial board of several dental journals. she is also a co-investigator on a radiology grant

Background: Rectangular collimation has been recommended by both the ADA and the NCRP to significantly reduce patient exposure to ionizing radiation. Various types of rectangular collimation devices have been devised, but the dose reduction to various organs of the head and neck and overall total dose reduction has not been evaluated. Objective: To provide dosimetric data on four bitewing X-ray exposures to head and neck organs of a female CIRS anthropomorphic phantom using round and rectangular (DEXshield™) collimation for digital imaging. Methods and Materials: Dose measurements were obtained using Optically Stimulated Luminescent (OSL) dosimeters placed in pre-manufactured slots at the location of 27 head and neck anatomic structures of an anthropomorphic female CIRS phantom. The phantom had removable cutouts for bilateral placement of a digital sensor at the bitewing level. Four bitewing radiographs were acquired using a Gendex 765 X-ray machine (65 kVp, 7 mA) at three settings (0.08, 0.32, and 0.80 seconds) using round and rectangular (DEXshield™) collimation. All exposures were repeated 15 times for each of the four bitewing exposures (60 repititions). The results were divided by 60 to evaluate the average dose. The organ fractions irradiated were determined from ICRP-89 reference phantoms according to age. kVp factors and ICRP-103 tissue weighting factors were also applied. Results: Overall, an average of between 28-47.5% dose reduction when using the shield. The highest reductions for all exposures were for the eyes, cranium and brain. The 0.08 second exposure yielded the highest dose reduction and the 0.80 second exposure the least reduction. Conclusion: Our data indicated that the DEXshield™ significantly reduced unnecessary radiation dose to organs of the head and neck. The OSL’s are highly sensitive to low radiation dose measurements and are easy to use. Conflict of Interest: This study was supported by a grant from Imaging Sciences International.

Lobna Aly received BDS (1993), MDS (2001), DDS (2006) from Faculty of Oral & Dental Medicine, Cairo University. Associate Professor of Oral & maxillofacial surgery, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to report the effect of equine demineralized bone matrix (DBM) on the healing of oral cystic cavities following enucleation using clinical parameters. Study design: Twelve patients aged from 20 to 40 years and suffering from cystic lesion in the jaw were included in this study. Cystic cavity augmentation with DBM was performed on 6 patients. After an average of 6 months’ healing period, a core bone was obtained and stained for histologic analysis simultaneously with implant placement. Results: Uneventful healing and spontaneous filling of the residual cavities was obtained in all cases. All implants showed favorable osseointegration, and final restorations were completed without failure in all cases. Histologically, new bone formation was active around grafted bone, and grafted bone was well integrated to the newly formed bone matrix. In histomorphometric analysis, vital bone volume was 25.2 ±11.9%. Conclusion: The equine DBM is clinically useful for the increase of bone volume in cystic cavities after enucleation, because of its favorable effect of new bone formation and it is considered to be a safe, simple, reliable, acceptable, and easy handling bone grafting material. Key words: Demineralized bone matrix, bone graft, oral cyst.

The aim of this study was to assess the potential genotoxicity of dental implants, evaluating biomarkers of DNA damage (micronuclei and/or nuclear buds), cytokinetic defects (binucleated cells) and the presence of trace metals in gingival cells of patients with implants, comparing these with a control group. A total of 60 healthy adults (30 patients with dental implants and 30 control patients without) were included in the study. Medical and dental histories were made for each including life-style factors. Genotoxicity effects were asses- sed by micronucleus assays in the gingival epithelial cells of each patient; 1,000 epithelial cells were analyzed, evaluating the frequency of micronucleated cells and other nuclear anomalies. The concentration of metals (Al27, Ag107, Co 59, Cr 52, Cu63, Fe56, Sn118, Mn55, Mo92, Ni60, Pb208, Ti47) were assayed by means of coupled plasma-mass spectrophotometry (ICP-MS). The frequency of micronuclei in the patient group with implants was higher than in the control group but without statistically significant differences (P [ 0.05). Similar results were found for binucleated cells and nuclear buds (P [ 0.05). For metals assayed by ICP-MS, significant differences were found for Ti47 (P B 0.045). Univariate analysis identified a significant association between the presence of micronuclei and age. Dental implants do not induce DNA damage in gingival cells, the slight effects observed cannot be indicated as biologically relevant

Evanisi, post-graduated from the Faculty of Dentistry of Piracicaba, Campinas, Brazil, 1996. She is Professor Doctor Assistant of the Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Anatomy area, Biology Institute, Unicamp, Brazil; and responsible for the Electromyography Laboratory, Motor Control and Experimental Electro-thermotherapy. Collaborates in the Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Structural Biology Institute, Unicamp, Brazil and the Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering at the Federal University of Uberlândia, UFU, Brazil. It features articles in the areas of laser therapy and electromyography supported by development agencies to research. On graduation is responsible for Anatomy area for medical school.

The inflammatory process may be located in the synovial membrane, articular capsule or retrodiskal tissues, and the presence of degenerative joint changes is called arthritis. Currently, Low-level laser (LLL) and high molecular weight sodium hyaluronate (HMWSH) have been used for treating TMJ disorders and promising clinical results have been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the morphological action of the therapy with LLL and HMWSH on a TMJ with induced arthritis. Forty-eight male rats were divided into the following groups: GA, animals with arthritis induced by an intra-articular complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) injection; GL, animals with arthritis treated with LLL; GH, animals with arthritis treated with HMWSH; and GHL, animals with arthritis treated with LLL and HMWSH. All experiments were left TMJ and TMJ right in GA were used as control (GC). Morphological analysis, histomorphometric and birefringence collagen fibers (Polarization Microscopy) were perfomed on the articular disc. The group GA exhibited the components of the TMJ such as thickness of the joint disk; hyperplasia of the synovial membrane and pannus formation; bone resorption of mandibular fossa; flattening of the mandibular condyle and the presence of intense inflammatory infiltrate of mononuclear cells in the subsynovial tissue. The groups GL, GH and GHL showed narrower articular disc and higher birefringence of collagen fibers compared to GA. Based on the results, it is concluded that the proposed model of arthritis showed to be satisfactory for studies of this disease. The LLL and HMWSH demonstrated anti-inflammatory and protective effects on joint structures.

Denise obtained the title of Master (1992) and PhD (1996) in Oral Biology and Pathology from UNICAMP, Brazil and Post-Doc from the University of Calgary, Canada (2007). She is Associate Professor of the Department of Physiology and Pathology, Dental School- São Paulo State University, UNESP, Brazil. Her central research focus is on microbiology, with emphasis on the following themes: Streptococcus mutans, Candida spp, cariogenic microorganisms, periodontal disease, antimicrobial peptides and herbal agents in the control of oral infections.

With the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that have antibacterial activity and that can also modulate the immune response may be a novel approach for effectively controlling periodontal infections. In the present study, we used a co-culture model of gingival epithelial cells and fibroblasts stimulated with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of the AMPs human beta-defensin-3 (hBD-3) and cathelicidin (LL-37) and to determine whether the AMPs can act in synergy. The co-culture had a synergistic effect with respect to the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in response to LPS (1 μg/ml) stimulation compared to cells alone. The co-culture was stimulated with non-cytotoxic concentrations of hBD-3 (10 and 20 μM) and LL-37 (0.1 and 0.2 μM) individually and in combination in the presence of LPS. The present study showed that the AMPs hBD-3 and LL-37 both reduce the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and thus display anti-inflammatory activity. Moreover, this combination of antimicrobial peptides thus shows promising potential as an adjunctive therapy for treating inflammatory periodontitis.

Cobalt- chromium molybdenum (Co-Cr-Mo) alloys are one of the most useful alloys for biomedical applications such as dental and orthopedic implants because of their excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility[1–2]. Metallic materials play an essential role in assisting with the repair or replacement of bone tissue that has become diseased or damaged. Metals are more suitable for load bearing applications compared to ceramics or polymeric materials due to high mechanical strength and fracture toughness [3]. However, the main limitation of these metallic materials is the release of the toxic metallic ions that can lead to various adverse tissue reactions and/or hypersensitivity reactions [4]. The main goal of the study was to fabricate nanocomposite coatings based material on dental Co-Cr-Mo alloy with different amounts of Fluorapatite nanopowder, using the pulsed laser deposition and to evaluate bioactivity properties on biological material. The Co-Cr-Mo alloy was purchased from American Elements, USA. The Fluorapatite nanopowder was prepared by mixing calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), phosphorous-pent oxide (P2O5) and calcium fluoride (CaF2) in a planetary high energy ball mill using zirconium vial. In order to prepare cobalt base alloy/ Fluor apatite nanocomposite, the pellet of Co-Cr-Mo alloy covered partially with triangular segments of Fluorapatite. The Fluorapatite powder particles were obtained at approximately 35-65 nm. The pulsed laser deposition. This study showed successful synthesis of Co-Cr-Mo nano-composite coating by PLD.

Background: The primary stability of implants is one of the factors associated with successful implant osseointegration and long-term success in the clinical outcome. Objective: The aim of this systematic review is critically review the available published literature in order to determine the significance of primary stability in achieving successful osseointegrated dental implants. Data sources: Electronic databases were searched from 1993 up to and including May 2014 using variations of key terms. Review findings regarding study results and quality were summarized in tables by topic, using the PRISMA Statement for reporting and the Cochrane bias assessment tool for quality assessment, respectively. Results: From the screening of 942 titles (1018 before removing duplicates) obtained from the database search, 76 publications were identified as potentially relevant for the focused PICO question. The evaluation of abstracts yielded 8 studies eligible for full-text analysis. Five publications met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. Conclusions: Most of the included studies showed, in some way, that a high level of primary stability in delay loading implants raises the probability of success of an implant while a low level does the reverse. However, the results obtained from the 5 included studies limit any definitive conclusion on the correlation between primary stability and successfully osseointegrated implants, because none of them compared the success / survival of implants with primary stability with that of an implant with no or very low stability. Suggestions: Despite the high survival rate observed, more long-term studies comparing implants placed with primary stability with others placed without it or with very low stability are necessary to determine the significance of primary stability as a success indicator for delayed loaded implants. In addition, the authors of the included studies should be contacted to obtain detailed data about individual patients measurements, in order to obtain data for better statistical analysis

Dr. Me-Chi Chang received her master and Ph.D degree in Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University Medical College (1995). Currently she is a professor, researcher and teaching staff in the Chang Gung University of Science and Technology. She has published many papers in scientific journals including Blood, Thrombosis & Haemostasis, BBA, Biomaterials, Acta Biomaterialia, J Endod, Int Endod J, Carcinogenesis etc. She also served as a reviewer and editorial board member of many journals such as Toxicology, J Dent Res, Carcinogenesis, Int Endod J, Austin Dent J.

Introduction: In order to clarify the role of TGF-β1 in pulp repair/regeneration, we investigated the differential signaling pathways responsible for effects of TGF-β1 on collagen turnover, metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) production in human dental pulp cells. Materials and Methods: Pulp cells were exposed to TGF-β1 with/without pretreatment and co-incubation by U0126 (a MEK/ERK inhibitor) and SB431542 (an ALK5/Smad signaling inhibitor). Sircol collagen assay was used to measure cellular collagen content. Culture medium pro-collagen I, TIMP-1 and MMP-3 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Phosphorylation of Smad2 and ERK1/2 were analyzed by western blotting or Pathscan p-ELISA. Results: TGF-β1 increased the collagen content, pro-collagen I and TIMP-1 production, but slightly decreased MMP-3 production of pulp cells. TGF-β1 stimulated ERK1/2 and Smad2 phosphorylation within 60 min of exposure. SB431542 and U0126 prevented the TGF-β1-induced increase of collagen content and TIMP-1 production of dental pulp cells. Conclusions: These results indicated that TGF-β1 may be involved in the healing/regeneration processes of dental pulp in response to injury by stimulation of collagen and TIMP-1 production. These events are associated with ALK5/Smad2/3 and MEK/ERK signaling. (This study is supported by National Science Council, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital)

Dr. Jiiang-Huei Jeng is a specialist in both Endodontics and Periodontics. He got IADR Hatton Award and his Doctor of Dental Surgery degree in 1994. Dr Jiiang-Huei Jeng practiced endodontic, periodontic, and implant dentistry in the National Taiwan University Hospital since 1991 and the chair in Department of Endodontics. He is also a professor, researcher and teaching staff in the National Taiwan University Dental School. He has published many papers in scientific journals including Biomaterials, Acta Biomaterialia, J Endod, Int Endod J, Carcinogenesis, J Periodontol etc. He received International Association of Dental Research (IADR) distinguish scientist award of PTT group in Brazil (2012). He also served as a reviewer and editorial board member of many journals.

Introduction: Camphorquinone (CQ) is popularly-used as photosensitizer in resin composites and dentin bonding agents (DBA). The purpose of this study is to investigate the influences of CQ on cytotoxicity to human dental pulp cells. Then, its effects on the expression of cell cycle and apoptosis related genes and proteins are evaluated. Besides, the relationship between ROS formation and its toxicity is also observed. Materials and methods: Human dental pulp cells were treated with different concentrations of CQ (0.1 to 2 mM). Cell morphology was observed under a phase contrast microscope. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay. Cell cycle analysis, cell death pattern and ROS formation were investigated by flow cytometry. Changes in mRNA expression were determined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Changes in protein production were evaluated by western blot. In some experiments, cells were pre-treated for 30 min with NAC (1 mM), catalase (2000 U/ml) or hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor ZnPP (2.5 and 5 μM) before co-incubation with 2 mM CQ. Then, MTT assay was used to investigate the changes of cell viability. One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test was used to analyze differences between experimental and control groups. Results: CQ induced morphological changes and a significant decrease of cell viability, to about 70% and 50% respectively, at the concentrations of 1 mM and 2 mM. At these concentrations CQ led to G2/M cell cycle arrest. The expression of cdc2, cyclin B, p-cdc2 and cdc25C was inhibited by CQ. 1 mM CQ caused an increase of apoptotic cells, and at the concentration of 2 mM, obvious increases of apoptotic, necrotic as well as apoptotic/necrotic cells were observed. Besides, exposure to CQ higher than 0.5 mM for 3 hours caused a dose-dependent increase of ROS, and an increase of HO-1 expression was noted after 24 hours. The reduction of cell viability caused by CQ can be inhibited by NAC or catalase pre-treatment, and can be promoted by 5 μM ZnPP pre-treatment. Conclusions: CQ may cause morphological changes, reduction of cell viability, G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and cell death, especially apoptosis of dental pulp cells at relevant concentrations. These changes may be related to ROS formation, which then cause expressional variations of many genes, such as cdc2, cyclin B, cdc25C, p21 and HO-1. These results of CQ toxicity may partly explain the pulpal response to dentin bonding agents and composite resin filling when remaining dentin thickness is scarce. (This study is supported by National Science Council, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC and National Taiwan University Hospital)

I graduated as a Dental Therapist from the University of Durban-Westville in 1995. I worked for the Department of Health in KwaZulu-Natal at the Oral and Dental Training Hospital for 25 years. During this period I assisted in the training of Dental Therapists and Oral Hygienists. I completed my Honours in Dental Therapy at Medunsa in 1989 and my Masters in Dental Public Health at the University of Western Cape in 2009. I was appointed as lecturer in the Discipline of Dentistry at the University of KwaZulu-Natal in 2010. I am currently completing my PhD in Health Sciences at the University of KwaZulu-Natal.

The aim of the study was to understand the contextualised delivery of oral health service provision within Health Promoting Schools. The objective of the study was to conduct a situational analysis of the existing services provided at these schools and to review current health and education policies. Methods The study design was explorative using a mixed methods approach. Twenty three Health Promoting Schools of a total sample of 154 were selected by random sampling from the eleven districts of KwaZulu-Natal. Data collection comprised of policy reviews, a self-administered questionnaire, data capture sheet and interview schedule. The study was approved by the Humanities and Social Sciences Research Ethics Committee of the University of KwaZulu-Natal (HSS/0509/013D). Results The results of the study indicated that although policies included statements on oral health promotion, this was not translated into practice at school level. Barriers and challenges identified in this study for the successful implementation of an oral health promotion programme included lack of funds, human resources, knowledge and ownership; high workloads and time constraints Conclusions Policy formulation and strategic planning must include educators and health care workers at grass root level for the successful implementation and sustainability of oral health promotion programmes. More research needs to be conducted to address the opportunities and challenges facing educators and other oral health care providers working in the school environment.

Dr Simona Tecco has completed a PhD in Oral Science at the University G. D’Annunzio, Chieti, and a PhD in Phisiology of Mastication and Dental Materials at the University of Torino. She is Associate Professor (A.S.N. 2012) and Researcher at the University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan. She is a Member of the Italian Society of Paediatric Dentistry (S.I.O.I.). She has published more than 60 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of repute.

In 2005 the Foundation San Raffaele del Monte Tabor, Milan (Italy) has undertaken a cooperation with the Mediterranean Institute of Hematology (IME), a National Foundation founded by the initiative of the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Economy and the Lazio Region of Italy for the Bone Marrow Transplantation (T.M.O.) in beta-Thalassemie, as well as in other haematological malignancies. From September 2005 to April 2008 came at the Centre San Raffaele del Monte Tabor, Hospital San Raffaele (HSR), 43 patients including 42 with beta-Thalassemia and one with Sickle Cell Anemia, from Middle-East Countries. In 2005 also the task force of paediatric dentistry of HSR directed by Prof. Gherlone, has shown great solidarity in collaboration with the Department of Hematology providing all their skills in order to prevent and treat oral complications that could interfere with the success of the T.M.O. improving the control of oral side effects related to beta-Thalassemia. This clinical protocol of paediatric dentistry in the treatment of children undergoing T.M.O. will be exposed.

Dr. L. Kavitha, completed Ph.D., from the Department of Physics, Bharadhidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, India and she worked as Assistant Professor of Physics at Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu India, during 2004-2014. Presently she is working as Associate Professor of Physics, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamilnadu. She has 18 years of research and 15 years of teaching experience. She is an eminent researcher with immense contributions in Theoretical and computational nonlinear dynamics and also in Materials Science. She has guided 11 Ph.D., students. She has published 110 research articles in peer reviewed International journals of high repute and presented 165 papers in national and international conferences. She has four book chapters with international publishers like Elsevier and Springer and has filed 2 Indian and 1 US patents. Her proficiency and contributions in the scientific research has fetched her various prestigious awards like Young Scientist Award 2014 by the Academy of Sciences, Chennai, Tamilnadu, UGC research award (2013), Mileva Mavic Einstein Award (2013), Landhal Award, USA (2011), European Science Foundation fellowship, Austria (2011) and Young Scientist Research Award- BRNS (2010). She has mobilized grants from various national funding agencies of India through major research projects. She has established collaboration with many Indian and International eminent scientists and visited countries like Italy, France, Germany, Spain, Portugal, Slovenia, Latvia, Austria, Poland, Hungary and USA. She is the Regular Associate of International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Italy (An UNESCO and IAEA Institute), for five years (2014-2019).

Synthetic hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HAP] is the commonly used calcium phosphate based material in dental application due to its excellent biocompatibility and similar composition and structure to human hard tissues. Recently, the main interest on the researchers is to control the shape and size of substituted HAP particles such as silver, magnesium, strontium, fluoride etc., which enhance the new bone formation with an eventual effect of decreasing the risk of fractures. In which, magnesium (Mg2+) is known to be an important trace element in bone and teeth. It plays a key role in bone metabolism, in particular during the early stages of osteogenesis where it stimulates osteoblast proliferation, and its depletion causes bone fragility and bone loss. The growing evidence on the beneficial role of fluoride (F-) in dentistry has increased its interest as a substituent in HAP for dental application. The present work deals with the synthesis of magnesium, fluoride co-substituted hydroxyapatite (Mg, F-HAP) nanoparticles by microwave irradiation method. All the as-synthesized samples were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The in vitro cell viability of the as-synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated. Thus the as-prepared Mg, F-HAP sample can act as a potential candidate for dental applications with good bioactivity. Keywords: Substituted hydroxyapatite; Microwave irradiation method; Nanoparticles; Bioactivity: Dental applications.

Prof. Zahra Khamverdi undertook her dentistry degree at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in Iran. She completed her specialty in Operative and aesthetic dentistry at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in Iran. She received the bonded aesthetic restorations fellowship from dental faculty of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. She has been teaching at Hamadan University since 1999 to present. Her research line is dental bleaching and dental bonding systems. She has many scientific articles in these fields.

Introduction: Adhesion of composite resin restoration to enamel reduces, when bonding procedure performs immediately after bleaching. Application of some antioxidant decreases effect of bleaching agents and increases bond strength between resin composite and enamel surface. The aim of present study was comparative effect of EGCG, sodium ascorbat, sage and grape seed on shear bond strength of composite resin to the bleached enamel. Methods and Materials: In this in vitro study, 90 enamel surfaces were divided into 6 groups as follows: G1: Control (no bleaching); G2: Bleaching; G3: Bleaching and application of 1000 µmolEGCG; G4: Bleaching and application of 10% sodium ascorbat; G5: Bleaching and application of 10% sage; G6: Bleaching and application of 5% grape seed. The specimens were bleached with 40% hydrogen peroxide gel and were bonded in all of groups. Shear bond strength of samples were measured. Data was analyzed using the one-way ANOVA and Tuckey HSD tests (α=0.05). Results: Maximum and minimum mean shear bond strength were observed in G1 (22.61± 3.29) and G2(5.87± 1.80), respectively. Reduction of bond strength in G2 was significant in compared with other groups (P<0.001). There were no significant differences between G3 – G6 (P>0.05). Conclusion: Bleaching decreases bond strength of composite to enamel immediately after bleaching. Using sodium ascorbat, EGCG, sage and grape seed solution could increase reduced bond strength of composite to the bleached enamel. Key words: Antioxidant, Tooth bleaching, Composite resin, Shear bond strength.

Dr. Ceren Yıldırım is currently appointed as Specialist doctor, Pediatric Dentistry Department, Central of Dental Sciences, Gulhane Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey. She obtained her medical degree at Gazi University. She underwent her residency training in Pediatric Dentistry in 2009 to 2013 at Gulhane Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey. She is now a DDS, Ph.D. in there. Her research interest includes minimal invasive dentistry, regenerative pulpal therapies, and preventive dentistry.

In dentistry, avulsion occurs when a tooth is partly or completely out of the dental socket. Once the partly detached tooth has been removed, or the completely detached tooth collected, the storage conditions of that tooth the degree of periodontal ligament injury, and the stage of root development are all factors that affect healing. This case report presents the reattachment of a coronal fragment using a fiber reinforced bridge to affect inflammatory resorption in the reimplanted tooth. An 11-year-old girl was admitted to the pediatric dentistry department, presenting with pain and mobility in the right maxillary central incisor. It was thought that the tooth was reimplanted a year prior to admission. Intraoral examination showed mobility and sensitivity to hot or cold in the right maxillary central incisor. Radiographic examination showed inflammatory resorption in the tooth. The patient’s parents were informed about the treatment, and their written consent was documented. After the tooth was pulled and the wound healed, reattachment of the coronal fragment using a fiber reinforced bridge was performed. In conclusion, reattachment of the coronal fragment using a fiber reinforced bridge to affect inflammatory resorption in the reimplanted tooth can provide patients with esthetic and functional improvements, as we observed in our case.

Dr. Özlem Martı Akgün is currently appointed as a Specialist doctor, Pediatric Dentistry Department, Central of Dental Sciences, Gulhane Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey. She obtained her medical degree at Ege University, in 2001. She underwent her residency training in Pediatric Dentistry in 2007 to 2011 at Gulhane Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey. She is now a DDS, Ph.D. in there. She serves as a clinician in pediatric dentistry, and a clinical educator for PH.D students, and fellows.

Traumatic dental injury is the most common problem following dental caries in primary and permanent dentition. This type of injury includes cracked or fractured enamel; fractured, luxated, or avulsed dentin; and trauma to supporting tissues. Furthermore, it leads to esthetic, functional, and psychological problems for the patient. This case report describes a complicated crown fracture treatment using a fiber reinforced composite post for a female. A 14-year-old girl was admitted to the pediatric dental department, complaining of a traumatic dental injury to her anterior teeth one month after experiencing a fall. Clinical examination showed a complicated crown fracture in the maxillary right central incisor and uncomplicated crown fractures in the maxillary left central incisor. Radiographic examination showed that both maxillary central incisors had a periapical radiolucent lesion. After preparation to access the cavity for each tooth, calcium hydroxide was used as an intracanal dressing. Then, once both teeth were asymptomatic, each root canal was filled with gutta-percha, and a fiber reinforced post was placed in the root canal of the maxillary right central incisor. Each tooth was restored with composite resin. In conclusion, anterior crown fractures are an injury that often affects children. While assessing treatment options, practitioners should consider the remaining hard dental tissues, as well as the patient’s esthetic and functional expectations for the treated tooth or teeth.

• Consultant Dental Public Health, Course Director and teacher at the Department of Dental Health, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Head of the Community Services Committee, Member of the Quality Assurance Committee, Member of the program development Committee, at the department. Restorative dentist at the dental college. • Bachelor of Dental Surgery, College of Dentistry/ King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 1989, Government Scholarship from Saudi Arabia to pursue Master of Public Health at the College of Public Health / University of Oklahoma 1991, Scholarship Extension from Saudi Arabia to attend AEGD program at the College of Dentistry/ University of Oklahoma 1993. • Coordinator and Director of the University Staff Clinics, Dental School (1995-2005) • Consultant Dental Public Health, Saudi Commission for Health Specialties (SCFHS) since 2007, External Assessor Military Hospital (2008, 2009), Fellow of the American Institute of Healthcare Quality (FAIHQ) (2010-2013).

Introduction: Awareness of gender or nationality-driven preconceptions will help dentists to permit a better interpretation of dentist -patient relationships. It is even more noteworthy to understand these predilections in Saudi society where women and men are usually segregated due to religious and culture consideration. This study is one of the first to explore the preference of patients in selection of dentist with respect to gender and nationality of dentist in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A total of 445community residents residing in Riyadh were randomly selected for a cross sectional study .The participants completed a 15-item survey questionnaire, designed to assess which personal characteristics factors (gender and nationality) consumers perceive as most relevant in choosing a dentist. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 11.5 software. Results: The female sample did not show any preference with the sex of the dentist where as 40% of the male participants’ preferred male dentist. The study sample favored male dentist in fields of oral surgery (78.9%), implants (74.1%), endodontics (67.5%), orthodontics (65.8%) and prosthodontics (64.2%). An exception to the above was noted in pediatric dentistry favoring female dentists by (52.8%). Also most of the sample (66.1%) didn’t have any preference over the nationality of the dentist. Conclusion: A general preference towards male dentist is observed and no preference over nationality is seen when patient selects dentist for treatment.

Dr. Nadiah Wasaf Ibrahim AlNahhas, BDS, MPH, Consultantant (SCFHS) Consultant in Dental Public Health, King Saud University, College of Dentistry, Periodontology and Community Department - Bachelor of Dental Surgery, College of Dentistry - Cairo University, Egypt Master of Public Health from the College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh Saudi Arabia 1998 Consultant of Public Health, Saudi commission for health specialists ( SCFHS ) 2006 - Course director for three courses in Dental Assistant Diploma Program, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh Saudi Arabia since 2007 till 2012. - Course director and co-course director in preventive and public health courses at College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh Saudi Arabia, since 1998 until present.

Effectiveness of health promotion practice results in individuals and communities being able to exercise control over their health for better decision-making, which leads to improving behaviors related to oral health. It requires high-performing health promotion systems that relies on stable basic infrastructure such as finance, workforce, resources, information systems and organizational and inter-sectorial teams and partnerships. After WHO evaluation of health systems in in the region of Saudi Arabia and other countries, it was recommended that governments need to effectively bridge gaps in capacity for promoting health. To do so educational institutions need to intensify efforts required to build oral health promotion workforce through equipping all practitioners with adequate basic skills in monitoring and evaluating health promotion policies and programs; and to build a critical mass of technical specialists in oral health promotion. This presentation will discuss the strategies taken by the college of Dentistry / King Saud University /Riyadh, implemented to help building basis for strengthening practice, sustainable, adequate health promotion systems infrastructure and capacity through graduating competent Saudi dentists armed with knowledge, skills, and attitudes that are prerequisite for satisfactory attainment of Competencies in oral health promotion and education.

Dental alloys are used in applications that place them into contact with oral tissues for many years. Nickel-chromium (Ni- Cr) and Cobalt- chromium (Co- Cr) alloys continue to be an important part of dental restorative materials. It behooves those interested to study these alloys and develop an understanding of their chemical and physical characteristics. Many dental casting alloys which have good mechanical properties, on the other hand are not good enough from the aspect of corrosion because of their complex structure [1]. Organic acids, which are created after disintegration of food remains decrease pH value inside the oral cavity and may effect on ions release from dental alloys. Also, the materials used in the mouth must resist the humidity and the changes in temperature inside the mouth, which happens during the chewing process inside the mouth [2]. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of temperature and pH on corrosion resistance of Ni-Cr and Co-Cr dental alloys used for fixed and removable partial dentures, and surface analysis by scanning electron microscopy. The dental alloys were purchased from Mountain Medico inc, USA were Ni-Cr and Co-Cr dental alloys tested in Fusayama-Meyer artificial saliva as reference solution, used in the study on at various different temperature and pH. At the end of this: The study indicated that variation in casting morphologies by casting method has only marginal influence on the overall corrosion rate. The overall However, the corrosion resistance properties of Co-Cr alloy is was enhanced at various temperature and pH as compared to than that of the that of Ni-Cr alloy. Therefore, further studies need to be considered regarding the safety of these dental alloys for future dental application.

High fluoride releasing restorative materials generally have lower mechanical properties. Therefore they are preferred in primary teeth and non-stress bearing cavities in permanent teeth. Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties of compomer restorative materials modified with bioactive glass (BAG) and hydroxyapatite (HA) particles . Material and methods:1%, 2%, 3% and 4% w/w HA and BAG particles were added mechanically to the compomers.The specimens were prepared for measurement of compressive strength, flexural strength and fracture toughness. The specimens were assigned to 9 experimental groups. SEM was utilized to study surfaces of the specimens in the fracture toughness test. The statistical analyses were performed by Oneway Anova, Tukey HDS and paired sample t tests. Results: Compressive strength and flexural strength of control group was significantly higher than other groups, except 4% HA added compomers (p<0.01). It was found that BAG particles decreased the compressive strength of compomers. The addition of 1% HA and 4% BAG resulted in a decrease of the elastic modulus. The addition of 3% HA, 3% and 4% BAG significantly increased the fracture toughness of the material (p<0.05,p<0.01). SEM images of the experimental compomers showed a heterogeneous surface. Nano-HA particles were not distributed homogeneously in the matrix and some agglomeration occurred. BAG and HA modified specimens showed rough surface texture. In conclusion, the results of the study demonstrated that the addition of BAG and HA into compomers could affect the mechanical properties of the material depending on the amount of additive.

Assistant of the Department of pediatric dentistry at Lviv National Medical University of Danylo Galytskiy. Head. Department - MD, associate professor Bezvushko E.V. 79010, Lviv, Pekarska 69 st. Lviv National Medical University of Danylo Galytskiy Department of pediatric dentistry

In the polluted environmental conditions an activity of the functional response of immune system in children is reduced, that can lead to development of disease. The aim of the present study was to determine the cytokines content (IL-4 and IL-6) in the oral liquid of children with chronic catarrhal gingivitis (CCG), living in unfavorable ecological environmental conditions. Methods: 186 children with CCG aged 7 to 16 years, residing in areas with different levels of ecological pollution were observed. The PMA and CPI indices were used for the assessment of periodontal status. Content of interleukins (IL-4; IL-6) in oral liquid was determined with using of solid-phase immunoenzyme assay and the reagents of "Vector-Best" company (Russia) were used for this purpose. The parental written consent was obtained from the participants. Results: The level of cytokine IL-6 in oral liquid in children with CCG living in ecologically unfavorable area was significantly higher (17.02 ± 0.62pg/ml) than the level of cytokines in children living in a relatively clean area (13.94 ± 1.41pg/ml). The content of cytokine IL-4 in oral liquid in children with CCG from polluted region was found to be lower (6.64 ± 0.61pg/ml) than in children living in a relatively clean area (8,38 ± 0,61pg/ml). The content of IL-6 in oral liquid in children with slight CCG living in ecologically unfavorable area was as follows: 15.49 ± 0.62pg/ml. The level of IL-6 in children with moderate CCG was equal to 18.12 ± 0.61pg/ml, and it has been significantly higher than the corresponding IL-6 values in children from a relatively clean area (12.85 ± 0.62pg/ml against 13.94 ± 1.41pg/ml, p <0.05). The content of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 in oral liquid in children with slight CCG living in an adverse environmental conditions was found to be lower comparing to the corresponding cytokine level in children from a relatively clean area (6.72 ± 0.42pg/ml against 8.06 ± 0.41pg/ml). The lowered content of IL-4 was observed in children with moderate form of CCG living in the contaminated area relatively to the IL-4 level in children from clean area (4.81 ± 0.62pg/ml against 6.72 ± 0.42pg/ml, p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: An increased level of cytokine IL-6 and reduced level of IL-4 has been found in oral liquid in children with CCG living in ecologically polluted area comparing to the children who live in a relatively clean area.

Aims: The prevalence of dental caries among children in Ukraine has increased dramatically during thelast few decades and reached 60% - 90 %. Physical, functional, social, psychological and emotional impacts of dental caries have been well documented to diminish the quality of life. The aim of this paper was to investigate the prevalence of dental caries, carious, filled permanent and missed permanent teeth. Methods: For this purpose 1301 5-16-year-old children from Lviv (Ukraine) were examined (612 girls (52,44%) and 555 boys (47,56%) by trained dentist examiners. Dental caries was assessed according to the guidelines given by WHO (1997) under natural day light using mouth mirrors and probes. Decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) due to caries were recorded and summarized as DMFT by a calibrated investigator. All examinations were performed by the same person, in standard conditions. Ethical approval and parental consent was obtained for this study. Data for the various groups were compared using Student’s t-test. Results: It is established that prevalence of dental caries of the permanent teeth for the examined children, is, in the average, 72,15±1,31% and caries intensity (DMF index) - 2,86±0,21. The detailed analysis depending on sex, showed that for girls, prevalence of dental caries of the permanent teeth, in the average, it is higher (78,92±1,65%) comparing with boys (64,14±2,04%), (p<0,001). The analysis of index DMF structure showed that, in the average, on one child was 0,98±0,14 decayed tooth , 1,84±0,18 filled tooth, and 0,04±0,01 missed tooth. Analysis of caries intensity of the permanent teeth depending on age showed that from six to sixteen years the index of decayed teeth - “D” grows from a 0,27±0,07 tooth to 1,43±0,18 tooth, (p<0,001) (in five times). Untreated dental caries in children may lead to infection, pain, and lost school productivity–both in terms of lost school days and reduced concentration in school. From six to eight years percentage of decayed teeth is higher from percentage of the filled teeth, on the contrary, from nine years, percentage of the filled teeth prevails and in sixteen years the correlation of percentage of indexes “D” and “F” makes 25,04±3,95% and 73,56±4,03%. As a result of comparison of caries intensity of the permanent teeth depending on sex, it was found out, that, on the average, for girls it insignificantly differs in comparing to the boys and makes a 3,41±0,37 tooth against a 3,39±0,34 tooth. Analysis of caries intensity depending on age showed that in all age-dependent groups caries intensity of permanent teeth is more higher for girls. Conclusions: Our study reported that the prevalence of dental caries of the permanent teeth for the examined children, is, in the average, 72,15±1,31% and caries intensity (DMF index) - 2,86±0,21. The analysis of index DMF structure showed that, in the average, it was revealed 0,98±0,14 carious tooth, 1,84±0,18 filled tooth, and 0,04±0,01 missed tooth.

Introduction: Self-esteem is an important concept used in psychology to reflect a person's overall appraisal of his or her own value. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between self-esteem and oral hygiene behaviors among student of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS). Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study a stratified sampling procedure was used to select 320 students from 7 faculties of IUMS. In the second stage, the subjects were randomly selected from each faculty to participate in the study. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic data and data on oral hygiene behaviors. Self-esteem was assessed by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Mann-Whitney test, Spearman’s correlation coefficient and descriptive statistical methods were used by SPSS software for data analysis. Results: A total of 63.5% of the subjects were female and 36.5% were male. Mean score of self-esteem in the participants was 20.05. Self-esteem score had a significantly positive correlation with economic status (p value < 0.05). The total score of oral hygiene behaviors in female students (20.86 ± 3.58) was significantly higher than that in male students (19.32 ± 4.02) (p value = 0.012). Tooth brushing frequency, use of dental floss, fluoride consumption, dental checkup frequency and also absence of oral malodor and absence of untreated dental caries were significantly associated with higher self-esteem scores (p value < 0.05). Conclusion: Self-esteem as a common psychological factor is correlated with oral hygiene behaviors. Promoting self-esteem could help people improve oral hygiene behaviors.

Background Lingual thyroid (LT) is a developmental disorder due to the failure of the thyroid gland to migrate from its anlage, foramen caecum to its prelaryngeal site. Lingual position represents the most frequent ectopic location accounting up to 90% of ectopic cases. It is found at the junction of the anterior two thirds and the posterior part of tongue, often asymptomatic but growing may cause local symptoms as upper airway obstruction, disphagia and hemorrhage at any time from infancy to adulthood. Methods We represent the case of a 33 years old patient with a mass at the base of the tongue, measuring 5-6 cm in size smooth, rubbery and reddish, with no signs of ulceration. She complained for a swelling at the base of the tongue, disfagia and dispnea.The patient was examined in the service of endocrinology, with thyroid level tests, ultrasound, scintigraphy and CT-scan. Results The patient was operated during childhood for a subhyoid thyroglossal cyst. She was euthyroid when she was admitted. Scintigraphy revealed increased isotope uptake at the lingual region and absence of isotope uptake in the neck region. CT-scan revealed thyroid mass at the base of the tongue and the neck region was free. Other laboratory tests were within normal limits.The diagnosis was lingual thyroid gland. Conclusions Lingual thyroid is a developmental anomaly, found between the epiglottis and the circumvallate papillae, often asymptomatic but growing may cause local symptoms as upper airway obstruction, disphagia and hemorrhage at any time from infancy to adulthood. Thyroid scintigraphy plays the most important role in diagnosing ectopic gland. Elective surgical resection under general anesthesia is the method of choice of treatment.

Objectives: Selection of crown material should be based on patient bone status. Therefore three different crown materials (in-ceram – porcelain fused to metal crowns - Acrylic) were investigated in this study. Methods: A 3D finite element model was constructed under Finite Element package environment for the upper first premolar. Different loading conditions (vertical and oblique) form 18 case studies for comparison. Results: According to FEA results, changing crown material showed different behaviors of stresses and deformation values on cortical and spongy bones. Whereas linear static analysis results showed similar distributions, and safe values of stresses and deformations, that generated on all parts of the studied system. Conclusions: Using softer (lower rigidity) crown material reduces the stresses generated on the jaw bone (cortical and spongy), that it absorbs more energy from the applied load, and transfers less energy to the following parts of the system (implant-abutment complex and bones).

Prof. Dr. D. Gopi completed Ph.D., from the Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Madras, Chennai and continued his research as an Invited Scientist in Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), South Korea (2002–2004). Later he joined as Assistant Professor of Chemistry at Periyar University, Salem in 2004. He is presently working as Professor of Chemistry and Additional Coordinator of Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Periyar University. His research is on the synthesis and coating of bioceramics for the development of potential and economically viable biomedical implants. He has 110 publications with h-index of 20, in the peer reviewed international journals. He has four book chapters with international publishers like Elsevier and Springer and has filed 2 Indian and 1 US patents. He has produced 34 M.Phil.’s and 14 Ph.D.’s and has collaborations with international scientists. His proficiency and contributions in the scientific research has fetched him various prestigious awards like ‘Tamil Nadu Scientist Award (TANSA)’ in Medical Sciences (2013), ‘Research Award in Chemistry (2014-2016)’ from the University Grants Commission, New Delhi, India, ‘Sir. C.V. Raman Award (2013)’ from Periyar University, Salem, and ‘Young Scientist Fellowship (2009)’ from the Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India. He is the Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry, London, the world’s leading chemistry community and also a Fellow of Academy of Sciences, Chennai, India. He has mobilized grants more significantly from various funding agencies in India to the tune of 2.5 crores, independently. He has presented many research papers in International conferences worldwide.

Dental caries is a widespread chronic and world-wide oral disease. In dental treatment, composite biomaterials are used as fillers to restore teeth. A broad range of inorganic fillers are commercially available. Among them, hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HAP] can be widely used as biomaterial due to the chemical similarity to teeth. Therefore, synthetic HAP would seem a good choice as the inorganic filler to be used in dental restoration or bone implants. Concerning the human health and the environment, the use of hazardous materials is replaced by green chemical substances. The present study deals with a facile and efficient green route for the synthesis of HAP/pectin nanocomposite using pectin as a reinforcing material which was extracted from the peel of bitter orange fruits. The pectin concentration involved in the synthesis plays a major role in the behavior of crystallinity, purity, morphology as well as biological property of the as-synthesized HAP/pectin nanocomposite. The extracted pectin and the as-synthesized nanocomposite were characterized by various analytical techniques such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR, etc. The in vitro apatite formation on the surface of the as-synthesized nanocomposite in simulated body fluid for 7 days showed an enhanced bioactivity. The antimicrobial activity was investigated using various microorganisms. All the results revealed the formation of pure, low crystalline and discrete granular like HAP/pectin nanocomposite with enhanced biological and antimicrobial activities. Hence the as-synthesized nanocomposite can act as a better filler material in the field of dentistry. Keywords: Hydroxyapatite; Pectin; Nanocomposite; Green route; Bitter orange; Bioactivity

Objective: To detect Gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) in tissue samples from healthy versus inflamed (chronic periodontitis) and hyperplastic (drug induced) using histomorphometric analysis. Methods: Twenty six tissue samples from different subjects of patients in periodontics department of Stony Brook school of dental medicine, whom been divided to three different groups: Healthy (gingival tissues of crown lengthening and distal wedge), Inflamed (gingival collars of apical repositioning flaps), Hyperplastic (gingival tissue of gingivectomy surgeries). Stem cells were detected using different markers namely Oct 3 / 4, CD 105, CD 90, Nucleostamin. Cells were counted in 5 different fields and mean was calculated. Results: Using ANOVA comparing the results of the three groups, no significant difference was found between chronic periodontitis samples and healthy, while statistical significant difference was found between hyperplastic samples and both other groups. Conclusion: GMSCs are found in healthy as well as inflamed gingival tissues with no statistically significant difference, while drug induced hyperplastic gingical tissue show significant difference in number of stem cells, which indicated that drug induced hyperplasia may recruit and/or stimulate the division of stem cells.

Complete regeneration of periodontal tissue remains to be the major goal of periodontal disease treatment. Following this concept, various therapeutic procedures have been recommended. Even so, none of the current treatments could achieve desired regenerative outcome. In the present study, the effects of PRP and cBM-MSCs with fibrin glue as three key regenerative elements were evaluated for periodontal regeneration. Class ll furcation defect was produced on the buccal aspect of bilateral mandibular premolar 2,4 and right maxillary PM2 of five dogs. PRP and 2x106 cBM-MSCs with carrier of fibrin glue transplanted. Five groups were considering for each dog as: PRP + fibrin glue, PRP + fibrin glue + cBM-MSCs, fibrin glue, fibrin glue + cBM-MSCs, no treatment. Eight weeks post transplantation, the animals were euthanized. Histological and histometric assessments were done and total 25 samples were evaluated for formation of new bone, cementum,PDL, maximum thickness of new cementum and PDL, present of inflammation or foreign body reaction. Moreover, detection of cBMSCs-GFP was achieved by immunofluorescence assay. Based on histological and histometric results, some therapeutic groups showed higher values in some parameters, nevertheless, no significant differences were statistically observed between all groups. In general, healing rates of almost all groups including the control group were similar. Our results showed that inherent regenerative capacity of periodontal tissue could be sufficient if latent self-repair mechanisms of it were stimulated.

This study was carried out to evaluate the antifungal activity of two types of nanoparticles against Candid albicans which is a major causative organism of denture stomatitis. Silver nanoparticles and copper oxide nanoparticles, incorporated in two types of acrylic resin materials used in prosthodontics, which are: heat cured thermoset denture base (vertex), and heat cured thermoelastic acrylic resin (versacryl). Three concentrations (0.1. 0.3 and 0.5%) of each nanoparticle were added to both materials and antifungal activity were tested by direct contact technique. The results showed that silver nanoparticles offered the greatest antifungal activity than copper oxide nanoparticles within limit of certain concentrations till complete inhibition of candidal growth with higher concentrations, and the antifungal activity increased by increasing the percentage of nanoparticles incorporated within the materials. Keywords: silver nanoparticles, copper oxide nanoparticles, thermoset acrylic resin, thermoelastic acrylic resin, antifungal activity

Objective: to test a proposed treatment that combines Delaire type face mask with maxillary corticotomy and miniplates to treat mature class III patients with maxillary hypoplasia Material and methods:. 10 Patients(6 males and 4 females with class III maxillary retrognathism with a mean age of 19.5 years were subjected to corticotomy of maxilla under general anesthesia ,then after a latency period of 5 days the protraction was begun by using Delaire type face mask, a 800 g extraoral force was applied per side in forward downward direction at 45 angle to the occlusal plane, the patients were instructed to wear the face mask for 24 h/d for the first two weeks, then the force was reduced to 400g per side for 12h/d for the next six weeks. The paired-t test was carried out to evaluate the results by comparing cephalometric records at the beginning of treatment(T0) and six months post-treatment(T1) . The results showed that the proposed treatment was effective to protract the maxilla with negligible counter-clockwise rotation of maxilla and negligible changes in mandibular plane In conclusion, combining maxillary corticotomy with Delaire type face mask was effective in treating class III cases for mature patients

Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was used in order to assess the knowledge and attitudes of dental students towards HIV/AIDS. All the dental students pursuing dental education in Jazan University dental school were invited to participate in the survey. The first part of the survey questionnaire was used to collect demographic information including gender and year of study while the later part comprised fourteen closed questions with options “Agree” and “Disagree” about knowledge of HIV infection, transmission patterns, and opinions about adequacy of their own knowledge. In addition, there were 17 questions addressing attitudes regarding treating HIV patients with likert type options ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree.
 Results: All the students agreed that HIV/AIDS patients can infect dental workers. There was no significant difference between the males and females for HIV related knowledge. However, female students had better attitudes (62.16±18.1) than their male (51.54±14.7) counterparts towards HIV/AIDS. Knowledge on HIV/AIDS was significantly different between the students of different years with those in 4th year presenting better score (23.87±5.5) than 2nd (16.56±3.7) and 3rd year (55.98±17.5) students.
 Conclusions: Many students had basic knowledge on HIV/AIDS but very few were aware of the advanced information on HIV/AIDS. Most of the students had poor attitudes towards HIV/AIDS