15^th Euro Congress on Dental & Oral Health October 24-26, 2016 Rome, Italy

Kallel Ines obtaining her Degree of Doctor in Dentistry in 2007 and Degree of Specialist in Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics in 2012 in University of Monastir, Tunisia. She started practicing as University Hospital Assistant from 2013 in the Hospital Sahloul Sousse.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to focus on epidemiological characteristics of traumatic dental injury (TDI) in Tunisian patients who suffered from facial trauma and to investigate the relation with age, gender and etiology. Methods: All the trauma patients attending the Department of Dental Medicine at the University Hospital of Sahloul Sousse, during 5 years, were included in this study. Age, gender etiology, time elapsed between the TDI and dental cares were recorded. Type of trauma was identified according to Andreasen’s classification. Data were analyzed using the chi-square, Anova and student test. Results: This study included 120 traumatized patients. The mean age of patients was 18 years, the most affected tooth was: Central and lateral maxillar incisors. The highest frequency of TDIs was among the age group of 11–20 years (35%), with more males being affected Falls was the most common etiological factor causing TDI (33%). The most frequent type of trauma is enamel-dentin fracture without pulp exposure (38%). Only 9% of the patients sought dental care within 24 hours of the injury. A significant difference of the gender repartition between different trauma etiologies (p=0.013) also a significant association was found between age group repartition and etiology of trauma (p=0.007). Conclusion: In this study, falls are the most common etiology of TDI. Most patients seek dental treatment after more than 24 hours of the injury. Therefore, significant strategies of trauma prevention and immediate treatment of dental injuries are needed to change dental data toward more favorable behaviors in the future.

Marwa Abdelaziz Is graduated from the University of Geneva in 2010 and she has been working simultaneously in a private practice as a general dentist and at the University of Geneva (Division of cariology, endodontlogy and pediatric dentistry) teaching students and conducting research. In 2013 at the age of 29 years she started a PhD Project supervised by the University of Amsterdam (ACTA) and the University of Geneva, the subject of the research is focused on non-invasive diagnostic methods and non-invasive treatment options of initial carious lesions like infiltration and sealing.

Materials and methods: 8 extracted human teeth with non-cavitated interproximal lesions. Samples were cut vertically to obtain two symmetrical lesions, (n=16). After isolating the cut surfaces by nail varnish, a metallic strips was used to remove the outer hypermineralized layer of the lesion. After etching for 2min with 37% orthophosphoric acid and thoroughly rinsing the surface, lesions of Gr.1 were air-dried for 30s. In Gr.2 lesion surfaces were air-dried for 10s, followed by application of 96% ethanol for 30s and air-dried for another 10s. Scotchbond Universal (3M ESPE,USA) was subsequently applied and left for infiltration for 3 min. Excess was removed before light curing for 40s, then a thin layer of flowable composite (Tetric flow, Vivadent) was applied and light cured for 20s. Samples were bleached using 30% H2O2 for 12h @ 37°C and then re-stained with sodium fluorescein solution. Thin cuts of the teeth were observed with confocal microscopy (CLSM, Leica SP5-2P) and computer image analysis was performed (ImageJ, NIH, USA). The percentage of infiltration was than calculated as area of resin infiltration (red)/area of total demineralization (green) x100. Results: Average penetration for (Gr.1) was 30.2%(SD13.4) while (Gr.2) was 27.45%(SD 13.3), Statistical analysis (t-test) showed no significant difference between the two groups (p=0,653). Conclusion: Penetration depth of a one component universal adhesive system was not significantly different after pretreatment of initial caries lesions with compressed air and with 96% ethanol, respectively.

Belkacem Chebil Raouaa has completed her PhD at the age of 25 years from Monastir University and postdoctoral studies from the same university. She is now an assist professor in oral medicie oral surgery. She has published some papers in reputed journals.

Introduction: Metastatic tumors account for 1% of all oral malignancies. Metastasis to jaw bones is common, particularly in the mandible, rare in the oral soft tissues, and account for only 0.1% of oral malignancies. The majority of metastatic cases (70%) reported in the literature have primary tumors located in the lung, breast, kidney, and colon. Clinical presentation of metastatic tumors is variable, which may create diagnostic dilemma or may lead to erroneous diagnosis. Metastatic tumors clinically mimic as dental infections. Most of the cases in the literature reported that lesion presented in oral tissues before the diagnosis of primary tumors. Here we present the diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma of a case observed in dental unit at Sahloul hospital. Case report : The author report a case of 55-year-old man, complaining of a submandibular cellulitis. On examination, the patient presented a non painful mass of the left mandibular ramus. panoramic radiography showed a radiolucent lesion in the ramus with enlargement of mandibular foramina. After excision, Histological study revealed a metastatic tumor of lung origin. Discussion: This case report showed that the practitioners should always maintain a high index of suspicion to the possibility that a radiolucent lesion may be a metastatic tumor. Lip and chin hypoesthesia is an important symptom for malignancy detection.

Amel Belkhiri is working as maître-assistant to orthodontics department at the University Hospital of Blida.He obtaining dental surgery degree in 1995. Then he worked as surgeon general to the health sector in the province of Illizi (Algeria) for two years. He obtaining the Diploma of higher medical study as a specialist in orthodontics and public health specialist in ODF in a dental clinic in Algeria in the year 2001.

Recent scientific studies have confirmed the impact of chewing function on craniofacial morphology. Planas was a genius for his time. He understood the importance of physiology masticatory function in the morphogenesis of alveolar-dental arches. This led him to invent a functional unit; tracks (direct and indirect) whose action is based on the release of lateral movements and gymnastics masticatory muscles. Thanks to the presentation of clinical cases, we can see the role of tracks of Planas in correcting malocclusions and establishing an alternate unilateral mastication.

So-Yeon Mo So-Yeon Mo has completed her master degree at 2014 from Kyung Hee University and is in the PhD course in the same university. And also she undergo the residency course of conservative dentistry in Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital. Duck-Su Kim Associate Professor in Dept. of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University

The demineralization of dentin is the initial pathologic changes that can lead to destruction of the dentin at a rapid rate. Bioactive glass (BAG) is an excellent biocompatible material for tissue mineralization. So, the aim of this study is to evaluate the possibility of remineralization of demineralized dentin using bioactive glass. Twenty extracted caries-free human 3rd molars were obtained. Two dentin specimens were obtained from each tooth using a slow-speed diamond saw (Isomet, Buehler Ltd., USA) with watercooling. They were completely demineralized in 0.2 M formic acid solution for 10 days, and thoroughly washed with distilled water. After that, they were randomly divided into two groups (n=40): Demineralized dentin group (DE), Bioactive glass 45S5 applicated group (BAG). The specimens of DE group were stored in distilled water, while those of BAG group were immersed in the slurry of BAG/deionized water (1:1 mixture) for 7 days. We weighed the specimens at three different stages to evaluate the substantivity of BAG: demineralization, remineralization, and ultrasonic application after remineralization. FE-SEM/EDX, Raman Spectroscopy, XRD Analysis were additionally performed to analyze the remineralization effect of BAG. As a result, we observed increase of weight in BAG group after remineralization using BAG. In the FE-SEM/EDX, BAG particles were observed on the demineralized collagen matrix in the BAG group. The crystalline phase of the dentin surface was confirmed through XRD and RAMAN in the BAG-treated group. It is similar to the crystalline phase in mineralized dentin. Within the limitation of this study, BAG is enable to remineralize the demineralized dentin although it is completely demineralized.

Hyunjung Kim, DMD Hyunjung Kim has completed her master degree at 2014 from Kyung Hee University and is pursuing PhD course in same university and undergo the residency course of conservative dentistry in Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital. Sun-Young Kim, PhD, DDS Associate Professor in Dept. of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University Chair in Dept. of Conservative Dentistry, Kyung Hee Universtity Dental Hospital

The aim of this study is to develop a new elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) supplemented dental repairing cement which shows improved mechanical and handling properties. ELP genes either with or without octaglutamic acid termination were genetically engineered: V125 and V125-E8. Pure ELPs were gathered through a series of protein synthesis process using E.coli through gene transformation, expression, protein purification. 10 wt% ELP solutions were prepared and mixed with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium phosphate cement (CPC) to have liquid to powder ratio from 0.2 to 0.7. Mechanical property test and washout test were performed to validate the availability of ELP-MTA mixtures as improved dental repairing cement. In compressive tests, we prepared from 0.2 to 0.7 ‘liquid : powder’ ratio samples: two powder of CPC and MTA; three liquids of DW, V125, V125E8. Mixed cements as given ratio, were loaded at mold and set in 37°c incubator for 4 days as column shape. Each samples were tested in universal testing maching AGS-X (SHIMADZU, Japan). Anti-washout test was performed with the mixed cement of 0.5 liquid/ powder ratio. Each mixed cements soaked with 370HEPES solutions on petri dish were observed at 5 minite, 1 hour and 24 hour. After drying in 37℃ incubator for 48 hours, the loss weight of cements were also measured. The ELP supplemented MTA and CPC showed a significantly enhanced compressive strength and anti-washout property. Incorporation of specific ELP enhanced the mechanical strength and handling property of MTA and CPC. This preliminary test indicates that ELP can be used to develop the inorganic dental repairing cement to have improved properties.Acknowledgement : This study was supported by a grant of the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (HI14C1817).

Petra Spevackova is a Doctoral student at the Department of Dentistry, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague.

Morphology of posterior dentition can provide a complex source of information about issues of ontogenic, phylogenic as well as clinical significance. According to inhibitory cascade model, it is supposed that the structures of occlusal area can be influenced by the developmental perturbances and can result in a change of variability of tooth morphology. Bias and asymmetry of tooth morphology can cause discomfort or malfunction with other possible implications for oral health. Our project is aimed on the influence of individual development on the variability of posterior teeth size and shape but also on the comparison of different methods of tooth morphology quantification. There are several possible ways to objectify the morphology of a tooth. The mesiodistal and buccolingual linear dimensions are widely used. However, occlusal area of a tooth crown or area of primary cusps are examples of other options and their use is facilitated with the advances in imaging technologies. Our sample consists of dental casts and their virtual reproductions. We used 168 maxillary and mandibulary first molars from 42 individuals to measure their crown dimensions and compare the ability of different dimensions to express the variability of teeth.

Zahra Khamverdi has completed her graduation from Isfahan University. She is a Professor in Operative Dentistry department from Dental Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. She has given presentation in the field of Operative Dentistry, Aesthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials in international and national conferences and published more than 35 papers in scientific journals and has been serving as a member of Dental Research Center.

CO2 laser and application of casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP/ACP) have been suggested to prevent enamel demineralization and increase resistance to caries. There is a gap of information on the comparison of the efficacy of laser and CPP-ACP. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of CO2 laser irradiation and CPP/ACP application on microhardness of demineralized enamel. 30 sound maxillary extracted teeth were selected. The crowns were cut at the cement enamel junction and were then mesiodistally sectioned into facial and palatal halves. Specimens were then mounted in self-polymerizing acrylic blocks measuring 4x4 mm in such way that the enamel surface was exposed. After a pH cycling model, the specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n=15) as follows: G1: without treatment (control), G2: CO2 laser, G3: CPP/ACP and G4: laser plus CPP/ACP treatment. The micro-hardness of each specimen was measured using Vickers hardness testing (500 gr loads, 5 seconds, three points). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s tests (α= 0.05). The mean value of micro-hardness for demineralized enamel in groups two to four were significantly greater than the value for group one (control) (P<0.05). The mean value in groups two and three were not significantly different (P>0.05). Significant difference was found in micro-hardness of group four with two and three groups (P<0.05). It was concluded that CO2 laser irradiation, application of CPP/ACP and combination of both increased the micro-hardness of demineralized enamel.

Dr. Anum Aijaz has completed her BDS in 2011 December from Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro Hyderabad and has been currently working as a Dental/Medical Officer in Aga Khan University, Karachi.

Introduction: A wide range of potentially debilitating dental complications may occur as a consequence of postoperative chemoradiotherapy such as oral mucositis, dental caries, trismus and osteoradionecrosis of the mandible with the dead bone exposed and liable to infection or even pathological fracture. Dental complications of chemoradiation in head and neck cancer patients often require surgical treatment under general anaesthesia. Patients usually scheduled as day care basis that warrants early discharge. Most of these have very limited mouth opening or distorted anatomy of face as a result of previous surgery and radiation. Airway management remains central to perioperative care. Case series: Five patients scheduled for dental procedures under general anaesthesia were selected. The selected patients were identified on preoperative assessment at an increased risk of difficult airway and fiberoptic intubation was planned. Awake fiberoptic intubation was done in two patients while three were intubated after inducing general anaesthesia. Regional anaesthesia of airway was achieved with lignocaine 4% nebulization and spray as you go technique. The other three patients were selected for asleep fiberoptic intubation based on the fact that they have no anatomical distortion that create problems with bag mask ventilation and no signs of airway obstruction. All patients underwent 30-45 minutes dental procedures. Patients were extubated and discharged after 1 hour from recovery room and 3 hours after day care ward. No postoperative problems related to airway management were encountered. Conclusion: Increasing number of these patients present to us for dental extractions and restorative procedures under general anaesthesia as day care procedures. Present case series highlights some important aspects regarding management of anticipated difficult airways in ambulatory setting.

Suk Won Lee has completed his PhD and Post-doctoral fellowship from Yonsei University College of Dentistry. He is currently an Associate Professor of Kyung Hee University College of Dentistry. He has published more than 25 papers in reputed journals in the fields of Biomaterials, Biomedical Engineering and Oral Implantology. He has been serving as Director, Education Delegate and Editorial Board Member of repute.

Here, we aimed to determine the effect of fibronectin (FN) or bone sialoprotein Ⅱ (BSP2)-conjugated microgrooved titanium (Ti) substrata on osteoblastic differentiation and time-dependent osteogenic transcription factor expression in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 60 μm wide and 10 μm deep microgrooves were fabricated using photolithography and subsequent acid etching to generate a microgrooved Ti surface with acid-etched roughness (E60/10). Both smooth and acid-etched Ti were used as controls (NE0 and E0). Human serum FN and human BSP2 were immobilized on the fabricated Ti surfaces by silanization using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (NE0FN, E0FN, E60/10FN, NE0BSP2, E0BSP2, and E60/10BSP2). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs were determined using ALP activity assay and extracellular calcium deposition assay, respectively. Time-dependent expression of various osteogenic transcription factors including ATF4, FRA1, RUNX2 and Osterix were analyzed. As a result, both FN- and BSP2-immobilized microgrooved Ti significantly enhanced the osteoblastic differentiation and the time-dependent expression of various osteogenic transcription factors. Specifically, the two-way ANOVA result of ATF4, FRA1, RUNX2, and Osterix expression presents a synergistic promotion effect of microgrooves and matrix protein immobiliztion on the osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs. Taken together, FN- and BSP2-immobilized microgrooved Ti can act as an effective biomaterial surface for promoting osteogenicity.

Zenati has completed her PhD from Algeria University and Post-doctoral studies from Algeria University School of Medicine. Her has done many courses, conferences and communications. Her is an Assistant Professor in Prosthodontics and Occlusodontics.

L’odontologist deal everyday patients with temporomandibular joint disorders, their diagnosis is not always easy, therefore the use of axiograph registrations as functional exploration of TMJ in 3 D is important in our therapeutic approach of the clinical case. Mechanic axiograph (SAM and quick axis) is used as complementary examens to diagnose the TMJ disorders. The graphic recording of condylar displacements can: clarify the type of RDC or DC/TMD; objectify the general direction of DC: pure anterior and/or transverse compartment; we can take our prognosis with consideration of the magnitude of the jump disc and; guide our therapeutic choice. Axiograph will become the indispensable device of tomorrow in all global occlusal rehabilitations prosthetico-conscients.

Almatrafi Badria has completed her BDS in 1991 from King Saud University in Riyadh, KSA and AGD certificate in 2000 from University of South California, USA. She is a Consultant in Restorative Dentistry at Prince Sultan Military Medical City in Riyadh. She worked as a Director of Officers Dental Clinics and had years of teaching and clinical supervision experiences. She is a member of Infection Control Team.

Metronidazole is a nitroimidazole antibiotic medication which has a specific activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. In cardiology, the QT interval represents electrical depolarization and repolarization of the ventricles. A lengthened QT interval is a marker for the potential of ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Rare cases have been reported with QT prolongation in which metronidazole antibiotic had been used. The arrhythmogenic properties of metronidazole are not yet clear. This case reports a 10-yearold male child of 30 kg body weight with no history of any chronic illness or drug allergy came to the dental clinic with facial swelling, which was diagnosed as dental abscess. He was given oral metronidazole (500 mg, 3 times/day, for 5 days). On the third day, he presented to the emergency department with palpitation, vomiting and then he collapsed. CPR was done and ECG showed prolonged QT corrected interval (QTc 480 ms). Laboratory tests including serum potassium, magnesium and liver functional test were within normal. Metronidazole was immediately stopped and subsequently the ECG returned to normal. In conclusion, Metronidazole can potentiate QT prolongation. Further investigation should be carried out to assess its potential effect on QT interval and subsequent lethal arrhythmias. The maximum pediatric dose should be reviewed.

Nicolas Zaragoza Velazquez has completed his Ph.D at Paulista State University from Sao Paolo Brazil. He is professor researcher in Orthodontics at the Authonomus University of Aguascalientes in Mexico. He has published papers in local and Brazilian journals Dr. Velazquez has made research projects involving the rapid palatal expansion in normal and fissure patients, later he focused in the field of dental adhesive materials (Universal systems adhesives) and he made a study of Prevalence of the third molar impacted in dental school students, lately he worked developing new radiographic surgical guides to place self drilling orthodontic minicrews with safe and endodontic ring miniguides to localize radicular resorption and for apicectomy and microsurgical procedures. Dr. Velazquez belongs to a number of professional organizations, including the Brazilian Orthodontics Association, Ibero American Dental Federation. He is also involved in many committees like (Member of the Commission (Dental Health Care) of Oregon – Mexico Health Professional Exchange 2002-2004

As we now in the last decades mini-implants have gained popularity in orthodontics field, precise placement of mini-screws is a critical point to the success of the skeletal anchorage, thus a careful clinical and radiographic diagnostic before insertion miniscrew is a essential requirement to achieve the central point of the radicular septum or another critical maxillary area, the correct execution and application of these pre-surgical procedures should avoid possible iatrogenic damages in periodontal ligament, dental roots, nasomaxillary cavities, or even important vascular tissues. As of today, periapical radiographs is a regular and swift pre surgical procedure during miniscrew insertion technique, but it provide only bidimensional images. Nevertheless, accurate execution of the radiographic parallax technique can offer us useful and precise radiographic information to decide the right local insertion of miniscrews in to the septum bone. The purpose of this report is to describe the fast application of new positioning circular guides in conjunction with a parallax radiographic protocol before place orthodontic mini-screws into the interradicular bone space. Key words: orthodontic mini-implants, miniscrews, radiographic protocol, chirurgic guide, skeletal anchorage

Vita Zalite has completed his PhD in Material Science at Riga Technical University (RTU). He is a Researcher at Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials and Development Centre (RC RBIAC).

Dental caries is a world-wide oral disease. At the initial stage of caries lesions, cariogenic bacteria attack tooth enamel, leading to demineralized areas on the tooth surface. Therefore, the investigation includes the design of calcium phosphate (CaP) particles with caries preventive effect due to bioavailable calcium and tailored particle morphology. The aim is to obtain CaP particles with properties close to enamel crystals (20-100 nm) and dentine tubules (2-4 μm). CaO and H3PO4 were used as precursors to synthesize CaP. The Ca/P ratio of products was chosen under 1.67 to obtain calcium deficient hydroxyapatite. One part of the product was spraydried (spCaP) and remaining part- left as paste (pCaP). The evaluation of products composition by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) was done. Morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR showed a characteristic vibrations of functional groups of apatite. XRD patterns confirmed apatite phase with low crystallinity. The Ca/P ratio was in the range from 1.64 to 1.60. SEM micrographs showed nanorods (length 50-200 nm, diameter 25-60 nm) for pCaP and spherical agglomerates (1-10 μm) for spCaP samples. The obtained CaP are chemically very similar to dental hard tissues. In addition, the morphology of pCaP particles is compatible with enamel crystals while size of spCaP agglomerates fits well with the dimensions of dentine tubules. The combination of pCaP and spCaP have a potential to decrease a risk of caries development and this hypothesis will be tested during in vitro studies.

Manal R Alammari has completed her PhD from the University of Liverpool and Post-doctoral studies from Liverpool University Dental Hospital. She is Coordinator of Saudi Board Examination Committee and Member of the Strategic Plan in the Dental College. She has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member in three journals.

The aim of this study was to review and evaluate quality of communication, instructions and prosthodontic prescription given to profitable and governmental dental laboratories by general dentists, restorative dentists and prosthodontists for shortened dental arch (SDA) cases in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Over the period of 6 months, a cross-sectional survey with self-designed-structured questionnaires was conducted. A survey of the main 5 governmental and private dental laboratories was conducted. 200 questionnaires were filled by an interview and case discussion with each dental lab technician who received a case for SDA was done. A sample size of 200 male dental technicians was interviewed. 91% of them were not Saudi. In addition, 25.5% had an experience for more than 25 year. 67.5% of dental technicians were working in private laboratories. Most of the cases received (76%) were for lower arch. The most treatment option that was selected by dentists was Co-Cr RPD 86.5%. The majority of the cobalt chromium RPD cases (64.2%) had instruction form without mentioning the clasp material. The most common major connector selected for the lower arch cases 55.5% was lingual bar and a U-shaped major connector in upper. It would appear from the results of this survey that amid the different restorative treatment choices for SDA, Co-Cr RPDs are the most common. The prescribing dentist’s signature, clasps’ material and date the prosthetic work required were the most frequently absent sections of information. Recommendations for improved communication, clear, complete and signed prosthodontics laboratory form are better for patient service.

Muhammad Hasan Hameed has completed his BDS in 2012 from Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi and has been working as Resident in Aga Khan University, Karachi.

Objectives: Work-related musculoskeletal pain is commonly experienced various health care professionals and dentists are one of them. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among dentists in Karachi and to identify the associated risk factors. Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among different dental colleges in Karachi during the period of 1 month. Self-administered questionnaire was distributed among 230 dental practitioners for data collection. SPSS version 20.0 was used for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics was computed and associations of interest were analyzed using chi-square test. Level of significance was kept at ≤0.05. Results: Out of 230 distributed forms, 190 filled survey forms were received. Eight forms were excluded from the study due to incomplete data. The overall prevalence of MSDs in the present study was found to be 75.8%. High prevalence of MSDs was reported in neck (58.8%) followed by lower back (51.6%), shoulders (49.5%), wrists/hands (36.3%) and upper back (34.6%). Statistically significant relationship was found between MSDs and age, specialty, no. of years of practice, awkward posture adaptation and working posture maintained for more than half an hour per patient. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, prevalence of MSDs is very high among practicing dentists in Karachi. Most commonly reported sites are neck followed by shoulder, wrists, upper and lower back. The most frequent reasons for MSDs reported were both the lack of rest and static postures maintained for more than half an hour per patient.

Asmaa Nabil Elboraey has completed her PhD in Removable Prosthodontics in September 2013 from Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University. Currently, she is a Researcher of Prosthodontics at Fixed and Removable Prosthodontic Department, Oral and Dental Research Division, National Research Center, Egypt. Her academic positions include: Internship in Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Egypt (2003-2004); Specialist in National Research Centre, Egypt, 2005- 2009; Assistant Researcher in Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics Department, Oral and Dental Research Division, National Research Center, August 2010; and Researcher in Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics Department, Oral and Dental Research Division, National Research Center, February 2014 to till date.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of different implant designs and distribution on stresses transmitted to the supporting structures of maxillary overdentures Methods: Two finite element models were constructed for V-shaped edentulous maxilla. In the first model; 6 mini-implants of 2.4 mm in diameter and 13 mm in length were placed in the anterior maxilla. In the second model 4 mini-implants of 2.4 mm in diameter and 13 mm in length were placed in the anterior region and 2 wider implants of 6 mm in diameter and 8 mm in length were placed in the posterior region. A loading force of 100 N was applied unilaterally and bilaterally in vertical and oblique direction on the first molar area. Stresses around the implants were estimated by linear static analysis. Results: The second model showed better results as it reduces stresses exerted on the supporting bone of the maxilla when compared to model one because the wide diameter implants were close to the applied load and received the maximum exerted stress than supporting bone. Both implant designs showed acceptable stress distribution within the physiological limits on the bone. Conclusions: Maxillary overdenture supported by 4 mini-implants in the anterior region and 2 wider implants in posterior region may result in reducing the stresses exerted on the supporting bone when compared to 6 mini implants in anterior V shaped maxillary arch.

Luiz Augusto U. Santos is Master in Science, Implantodontist and PHD student at University of Sao Paulo. He works as Manager of Tissue Bank and Researcher of the Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital das Clínicas of the School of Medicine of the University of Sao Paulo. Over the years, he has studied the clinical use of bone allografts in orthopedic and dental surgeries and has published studies nationally and internationally. He is a member of the American Association of Tissue Bank (AATB) and the American Dental Association (ADA). He is also a member of the Group of the Regulatory Health Organizations related to the definition of legislation and standards.

Background: Bone loss has long been a challenge to dental surgeons who seek to reconstruct and rehabilitate patients with resorptions, especially in the atrophic maxillary alveolar ridges. A range of biomaterial is available for use in dentistry, however the homologous graft, or allografts, has been increasingly used. This study explores 4 methods for processing the allografts (Group A, B, C and D) by tissue banks. We initially performed a qualification testing (sterile and cytotoxicity tests) and further an analysis (by optical coherence tomography-OCT, cone beam tomography, Raman spectroscopy, and histomorphometry) of its osseointegration in an experimental trial in rabbits. Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the osseointegration of grafts performed by onlay grafting block technique. The blocks were processed in 4 different ways: A) cryopreserved allograft block (- 80ºC); B) irradiated allograft block (25 kGy); C) freeze-dried allograft block; and D) demineralized allograft block. Methods: To analyze the osseointegration, the areas of grafts were extracted after 60 days and submitted to the exams of optical coherence tomography -OCT, cone beam tomography, Raman spectroscopy and histomorphometry. Results & Conclusion: Grousps A, B, C ,D Osteoid Surface (OS/BS): [3.50% to 24.09%] Osteoblasts Surface (Ob.S / BS): [1.69 % to 16.76%] Osteoid Volume (OV/BV): [0.20 % to 3.10%] Trabecular Bone Volume (BV/TV): [ > 30% ] The Group A (Frozen) presented better results and greater evidence in osseointegration: Osteoid Volume (OV / BV): 3.10%; Osteoid Thickness (O.Th): 8.61 mm; Osteoblasts Surface ( Obs / BS): 16.76%; The Groups C (Freeze-Dried) and D (Demineralized) had the lowest rates of bone resorption and remodeling: Eroded Surface (ES/BS): [ 8,41% , 1,27 %] Osteoid Surface (OS / BS): [13,20 % , 3,50%] We conclude that the four methods of tissue processing are safe and biocompatible because we did not notice any evidence of contamination or cytotoxicity in the groups studied. The osteoconduction and the connectivity with recipient bed were observed in four methods (Groups A, B, C, D): The bone matrix remained denser [Cone Beam Tomography] with well organized collagen fibers [Optical Coherence Tomography -OCT].The onlay grafting block technique is predictable and effective and it depends on three important rules: good blood flow in the graft area, good stability to the graft and the absence of gaps between the graft and the receptor bed.

Marina Xavier Pisani has completed her PhD from University of Sao Paulo and a partnership with McGill University in Canada. Nowadays, she is a Post-doctoral student at Piracicaba Dental School (Unicamp). She has published 20 papers in reputed journals of Dental Prosthodontics.

This study evaluated the stress behavior of single (S) and two (T) implants retained mandibular overdentures on periimplantar and alveolar bone regions. Photoelastic mandible models (n=14) were obtained from transfer impression of implant analogs inserted in prototypes varying implant locations in the canines or middle regions, design of implants as regular (RI) or one-piece mini implants (MI), implant/abutment connection as morse taper (CM), internal hexagon (HI), external hexagon (HE) and attachments as ball (B) and equator (E). The S and T overdentures over the photoelastic models (RI/HI/B); (RI/HE/B); (MI/B); (RI/CM/E); (RI/ HI/E); (RI/HE/E) were positioned on a circular polariscope, submitted to a bilateral load (150 N) on first molars and photographed. Stress distribution was qualitatively analyzed (software fringes) according to isochromatic fringes orders (0 black; 1 violet/blue transition; 2, 3, 4 red/green transition); the greater the number and proximity of the fringes, the higher the stress. The lowest stress on periimplantar was found in (MI/B order 1) followed by (RI/CM/E order 1); (RI/CM/B order 1); (RI/HI/B order 1); (RI/HI/E order 1 and 2); (RI/HE/E order 2 and 3), (RI/HE/B order 2 and 3) for S group and in (MI/B order 1), (RI/HI/B order 1); (RI/CM/B order 1); (RI/HE/B order 1); (RI/HE/E order 1 and 2); (RI/HI/E order 2), (RI/CM/B order 2) for T group. The worst situation was presented by S groups (RI/HE/B) and (RI/HE/E). Overall, for MI, the phostoelasticity showed the lowest stress on implants and the highest and best distributed stress on alveolar bone. Both attachments presented similar stress behavior.

Martina Sirotkova, have just finished the fourth year of dental medicine at the Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University in Brno - one of the top ranked universities in the Czech Republic. Next academic year they are going to participate in the Erasmus program and study at University Tor Vergata in Rome, Italy. They are determined and motivated students, and they are very keen on attending various lectures, workshops as well as dedicating their free time to research work.

Orthodontically induced external apical root resorption (EARR) is a multifactorial inflammatory disease. Genes encoding proteins which are involved in the modulation of inflammatory response and bone remodeling are considered as the “Candidate” for EARR. The aim of this study was to analyze possible associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the P2RX7 (encoding purinoreceptor) and TNFRSF11B (encoding osteoprotegerin) genes with EARR in Czech children after orthodontic treatment. A total of, 99 orthodontically treated patients (69 healthy and 30 with EARR) were enrolled in this case-control study. Genotype determination of P2RX7+489C/T (rs208294, Tyr155His) and +1068C/T (rs1718119, Thr348Ala), TNFRSF11B -163C/T (rs3102735) and TNFRSF11B+1181C/G (rs2073618, Lys3Asn) was based on polymerase chain reaction using 5′ nuclease TaqMan® assays. While no significant differences were observed in allele or genotype frequencies of all four studied SNPs, specific combinations of variants in P2RX7 may be associated with lower/higher risk of EARR development (P<0.05). In addition, the length of treatment by orthodontic appliances positively correlated with the presence of EARR (P<0.05). Although the effect of P2RX7 SNPs themselves to the development of EARR was not confirmed in the Czech population, haplotype analysis suggests that variability in the P2RX7 gene as well as the length of treatment may be important factors contributing to the etiopathogenesis of post-orthodontic EARR.

Zuzana Vrankova has just finished her fourth year of Dental Medicine at the Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University in Brno - one of the top ranked universities in the Czech Republic. Next academic year that she is going to participate is the Erasmus program and study at University Tor Vergata in Rome, Italy. She is a determined student, and is very keen on attending various lectures, workshops as well as dedicated her free time to research work.

Orthodontically induced external apical root resorption (EARR) is a multifactorial inflammatory disease. Genes encoding proteins which are involved in the modulation of inflammatory response and bone remodeling are considered as the “candidate” for EARR. The aim of this study was to analyze possible associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the P2RX7 (encoding purinoreceptor) and TNFRSF11B (encoding osteoprotegerin) genes with EARR in Czech children after orthodontic treatment. A total, 99 orthodontically treated patients (69 healthy and 30 with EARR) were enrolled in this case-control study. Genotype determination of P2RX7+489C/T (rs208294, Tyr155His) and +1068C/T (rs1718119, Thr348Ala), TNFRSF11B -163C/T (rs3102735) and TNFRSF11B+1181C/G (rs2073618, Lys3Asn) was based on polymerase chain reaction using 5′ nuclease TaqMan® assays. While no significant differences were observed in allele or genotype frequencies of all four studied SNPs, specific combinations of variants in P2RX7 may be associated with lower/higher risk of EARR development (P<0.05). In addition, the length of treatment by orthodontic appliances positively correlated with the presence of EARR (P<0.05). Although the effect of P2RX7 SNPs themselves to the development of EARR was not confirmed in the Czech population, haplotype analysis suggests that variability in the P2RX7 gene as well as the length of treatment may be important factors contributing to the etiopathogenesis of post-orthodontic EARR.

Dr. Mario F. Guiang Jr. Is a graduate of Centro Escolar University Manila Philippines in 1996. Currently he is finishing his Msc. Periodontics in the same university. Dr. Guiang underwent series of continuing education in the (University of Illinois college of Dentistry USA ) Europe and Asia. Dr. Guiang underwent further training under the preceptorship of Dr Carl Henley. A renowned cosmetic and neuromuscular dentist Chicago USA. He also underwent training under Dr. Charles Kennedy in Rome Italy a periodontist and Past President of American dental society of Europe. He is the only Filipino lecturer for the Academy of Laser Dentistry USA in 2015 and 2016. His clinical expertise in Neuromuscular Dentistry , and Laser Dentistry was chosen among best of the best in the Philippines , USA , Hong Kong, and the United Arab Emirates. Dr.Guiang lectures locally and internationally. He is an active member of Academy of Laser Dentistry USA , International association for Orthodontics, International congress of oral implantologist, Philippine Academy of Implant dentistry, Philippine society of Periodontology, Philippine Dental Association , Tarlac Dental Chapter

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) happen as a result of problems with the jaw, jaw joint, and surrounding facial nerves and muscles that that control jaw movement. The main cause of this is injury to the jaw, the joint, or the nerves and muscles of the head and neck. This could also be due to the patient’s occlusion not being in the proper position. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) currently is a form of electro-analgesia. Hundreds of clinical reports exist concerning the use of TENS for various types of conditions, including myofascial and arthritic pain. It uses electrical currents to stimulate muscle contractions that relieves pain and stiffness while Improving jaw movement. Orthoses is an externally applied device used to modify the structural and functional characteristics of the neuromuscular and skeletal system. They are used to control, guide, and limit joints or body segments for to otherwise correct the shape and/or function of the body, to provide easier movement capacity or reduce pain. Orthoses are also used in denstistry to adjust the patient’s occlusion to a more optimum position, which allows the temporomandibular joint and the surrounding neuromusculatures to be relieved. This poster will present two full mouth reconstruction cases which utilized TENS and orthotics in their treatments. In the first case, TENS and Orthosis was used to increased the occlusion of a patient with severe overbite. While in the second case, TENS and orthosis was used to recapture the occlusion of the patient with posterior open bite. Orthoses used on these patients are tooth-colored to preserve the esthetic value of the smile. This poster presents to the dental practioners the importance of restoring a balanced occlusal relationship, and encourages them to incorporate the use of TENS and orthotics in their treatment planning.

Shaymaa M Nagi has completed her PhD from Cairo University, Egypt. She is a Researcher in Restorative and Dental Materials Research Department, National Research Centre, Egypt and Lecturer of Operative Dentistry in the Future University, Egypt. She has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of resin composite filling techniques and load cycling on resin-dentin interface at the gingival and pulpal cavity walls of class II cavities. Standardized class II cavities were prepared in freshly extracted third molars. All prepared surfaces were bonded with futurabond DC self-etch dual-cure universal adhesive. Specimens were randomly assigned to two experimental groups according to resin composite filling techniques (G); G1; bulk filled hybrid resin composite, or (G2); incremental filling nano-hybrid resin composite. Restored teeth were subdivided into two subgroups (B); B1; control group (not subjected to load cycling), B2; subjected to load cycling (90 Newton 5,000 cycles, 3 cycles/ seconds). Restored teeth were sectioned into sticks for micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) testing and ultra-morphological evaluation of resin dentin interface. Results revealed that there were no statistically significant differences between the mean μTBS values of the two resin composite application techniques p-value=0.087. Pulpal dentin showed higher statistically significant mean μTBS compared to gingival dentin. Specimens with load cycling revealed a statistically significant lower mean μTBS to dentin at p<0.001. SEM photomicrographs showed penetration of the resin into the dentinal tubules and the formation of hybrid layer were observed for all groups. Broken resin tags were observed in specimens subjected to load cycling. It could be concluded that resin composite application technique didn't have a great impact on the adhesion of the resin composite. Resin-dentin bonds were prone to deterioration after load cycling which affect the long-term success of restoration.

Simona Tecco has completed her PhD in Oral Science at G D’Annunzio University and a second PhD in Physiology of Occlusion and Dental Materials at the University of Torino. She completed her Orthodontic specialization from the Catholic University of Rom. She is a Researcher at the University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. She has published more than 80 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of repute.

The 3D Tele Motion Tracking (TMT) is able to detect the movement in space of passive markers and to calculate geometric relationships derived from the positions of the markers, thanks to the associated software that reconstruct the figure in three dimensions and graphically represent its movement. The equipment is also able to calculate angles, distances and associated kinetic variables. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of 3D-TMT in a static cephalometric evaluation. A group of 40 patients (20 males and 20 females; mean age 14.2+/-1.2 years) in permanent dentition was included in the study. For each subject, measurements were compared by the 3D TMT cephalometric analysis with a conventional cephalometric analysis carried out on radiographs in the frontal view. Nine passive markers were positioned on the face skin for the detection of the profile of the patient. Through the acquisition of these points were found corresponding plans for three-dimensional posterior-anterior cephalometric analysis. The cephalometric results carried out with 3D TMT and with traditional posterior-anterior cephalometric showed that 3D TMT system values was slightly higher than the values measured on radiographs. These differences are statistically significant, nevertheless their correlation is very high. The recorded values obtained using the 3D-TMT analysis were highly correlated to cephalometric analysis. 3D TMT is a non invasive tool that can be used for cranio-facial development research to monitor the control group.